Browsing by Author "Adelani, Isaacson B."

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    8 - Mitochondrial toxicity of aflatoxin B1
    (ScienceDirect, 2023) Rotimi, Oluwakemi Anuoluwapo; Adelani, Isaacson B.; De Campos, Opeyemi C.; Olawole, Tolulope D.; Rotimi, Solomon O.
    This chapter discusses the toxicity of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on mitochondrial function. It starts with an overview of aflatoxins: what they are, where they are found, and the types that exist. The introduction also describes the routes of AFB1 exposure, biotransformation, metabolism, and excretion. Thereafter, the chapter explains the major toxic effects of AFB1 on the mitochondria. First, it discusses how AFB1 disrupts the levels of lipids, particularly cholesterol and phospholipids, which are the major lipid component of the mitochondrial membrane. The changes in the lipids can affect the mitochondrial membrane carriers, thereby affecting membrane transport. Second, it discusses how AFB1 affects the mitochondria membrane potential and permeability. Specifically, AFB1 reduces mitochondrial membrane potential and promotes mitochondrial permeability transition. Third, it discusses how AFB1 induced oxidative stress and apoptosis in mitochondria leading to mitochondrial damage. Lastly, it examines the effects of AFB1 on enzymes of the electron transport chain.
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    Chapter Nine - Early-life AFB1 exposure: DNA methylation and hormone alterations
    (ScienceDirect, 2023) Rotimi, Oluwakemi Anuoluwapo; De Campos, Opeyemi C.; Adelani, Isaacson B.; Olawole, Tolulope D.; Rotimi, Solomon O.
    Aflatoxins are secondary metabolites of mold that contaminate food and feedstuff. They are found in various food including grains, nuts, milk and eggs. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) is the most poisonous and commonly found of the various types of aflatoxins. Exposures to AFB1 start early in life viz. in utero, during breastfeeding, and during weaning through the waning foods which are mainly grain based. Several studies have shown that early-life exposures to various contaminants may have various biological effects. In this chapter, we reviewed the effects of early-life AFB1 exposures on changes in hormone and DNA methylation. In utero AFB1 exposure results in alterations in steroid and growth hormones. Specifically, the exposure results in a reduction in testosterone levels later in life. The exposure also affects the methylation of various genes that are significant in growth, immune, inflammation, and signaling pathways.