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    GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM-BASED OPTIMIZATION OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COLLECTION AND TRANSFER ROUTE FOR OTA, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
    (Covenant University, Ota, 2026-09) ACADEME, Sunday Oyaogbode; Covenant University
    Rapid urbanization and industrial expansion in Ogun State, Nigeria, particularly in Ota, have exacerbated the challenge of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) management. Inefficient waste collection and travel distance associated with vehicles route have led to prolonged driving times, high fuel consumption, and escalating operational costs, resulting in delayed waste collection and increasing public health and environmental concerns. In response to these challenges, this study is focused on examining the identified inefficiencies in existing MSW collection routes in Ota and to evaluate the use of Geographic Information System (GIS) based optimization to enhance operational efficiency and sustainability. This research employed a combination of primary and secondary data sources. A total of 500 household questionnaires were successfully retrieved across seven locations in the study area, focusing on demographic characteristics, waste disposal practices, perception and awareness of waste management. Primary data collection included key informant interviews, household observations, and field inspections. These were analyzed statistically using SPSS to establish patterns in waste generation and public participation in disposal systems. Secondary datasets were obtained from records of the Ogun State Waste Management Authority (OGWAMA), including vehicle lists, fuel expenditures, and disposal points. To complement this, a field survey was conducted using Global Positioning System (GPS) devices installed on collection vehicles to monitor movement across seven study locations, comprising five residential and two highway routes. In total, 18 monitored trips were recorded over four months. The ArcGIS Pro Network Analyst extension, applying Dijkstra’s shortest path algorithm, was used to generate optimized routes. The analysis revealed that highway routes were generally better managed and more efficient than residential routes, which were often constrained by congestion, narrow road access, and irregular service. Overall, existing travel routes covered 532.74 km daily with a driving time of 1,742.39 minutes. Optimized routes reduced this to 431.28 km and 1,403.12 minutes, representing reductions of 19.0% in distance and 19.5% in time. Fuel consumption under existing operations averaged 163.82 litres daily, whereas optimized routes required 132.25 litres, a saving of 31.57 litres/day. This equates to approximately ₦37,878.68 (US$27.06) in daily savings and about ₦2.94 million (US$2,101.95) annually. The drivers’ survey revealed that optimized routes are currently not used due to barriers such as congested market roads, height restrictions, low hanging cables, parked vehicles, and limited awareness. Despite this, 71% of drivers indicated that optimized routes would improve efficiency, though 29% remained uncertain, reflecting infrastructural and operational constraints. The study demonstrates that the application of GIS based optimization can improve waste collection in Ota by reducing costs, increasing efficiency, and lowering environmental impacts. These findings provide a replicable model for other African cities and align with global sustainability goals including SDG 11 and SDG 12.