Browsing by Author "Covenant University Dissertation"

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A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF EXPERIENTIAL AND CELEBRITY MARKETING IN NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) GBEREVBIE REJOICE EGEHELE; Covenant University Dissertation
Experiential and Celebrity Marketing are one of the major marketing strategies adopted by advertisers such as Coca-Cola and Pepsi to attract consumers to their products. While Celebrity Marketing looks promising and a quicker way to get consumers, it might not prove to be a long-term solution for an audience seeking the physical experience of a product. The study aimed to develop a nuanced understanding of the differences between experiential and celebrity marketing focusing on their distinct impacts on consumer perception, purchase behaviour and brand positioning across different personality types. The study made use of two distinct methods which are Myer-Briggs (MBTI) personality test and Solomon four quasi-experimental design. 256 respondents who fit all 16 MBTI personality types were purposely selected through the use of questionnaires, this informed the focus group process for Solomon four quasi-experimental design. After which a comparison was carried out with the result from the different personality types who responded to both Experiential and Celebrity Marketing treatments across the same three metrics. The result revealed various personality types that function well with a marketing strategy e.g ENFJ, ENFP and ENTJ etc. The results also revealed that personality traits significantly influence how individuals respond to different advertising strategies even in controlled settings.
ASSESSMENT OF THE UTILISATION OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-01) OBANOR ENOCH IWINOSA; Covenant University Dissertation
This study evaluates renewable energy adoption across Ogun, Lagos, Edo, and Delta states using a mixed-methods approach. A bibliometric analysis of 424 research publications (2014–2024) revealed that solar energy was the most studied topic (35%), followed by hydropower (25%) and bioenergy (20%). The analysis identified a 32% increase in renewable energy publications since 2019, with 62% of highly cited papers focusing on policy and deployment strategies. Citation mapping indicated that the top 10 research institutions contributed 47% of all renewable energy studies, highlighting the concentration of expertise in specific regions. Survey data from 387 respondents indicated that 68% lacked reliable electricity access, while 78% relied on traditional biomass or fossil fuels. Among respondents, 62% expressed willingness to adopt solar energy if installation costs were reduced by at least 40%. However, only 23% were aware of existing renewable energy policies, and 54% rated government efforts as inadequate. In terms of energy satisfaction, only 9% of respondents rated their current energy sources as highly adequate, while 36% described them as moderate, and 21% rated them as low. The study further analysed energy availability across Nigerian states. Lagos, Ogun, Edo, and Delta states experience an average of 12–18 hours of electricity outages per day, forcing 74% of households to rely on generators as backup power sources despite Nigeria’s solar radiation potential of 3.5–7.0 kWh/m². Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13 was assessed, revealing that only 19% of publications explicitly addressed energy access and climate change mitigation, while survey results showed that 69% of respondents were unaware of Nigeria’s commitment to SDGs. Projections based on current adoption rates estimate that, if key policy recommendations, energy access in Southern Nigeria could rise from 32% to over 70% by 2035 and fossil fuel dependency could decline by 55%. This research shows that achieving an efficient renewable energy transition requires urgent policy interventions, enhanced financial incentives, and strengthened institutional frameworks.
BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND SUSTAINABILITY OF OUTSOURCING ORGANISATION IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA. A STUDY OF HUGO INC
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) OKWARAOGOMA REGAN OGADINMA; Covenant University Dissertation
This research focused on the influence of business process reengineering on outsourcing organization: A study of Hugo Inc. Companies need to survive the test of time in business practices and having operational efficiency, so process reengineering can help them in achieving this. Business process reengineering is typically used to boost business agility, responsiveness, and customer satisfaction with improved goods and services. Sustainability is connected to the ability to run a production process over a period of time. Some of the problems BPR is trying to address are client satisfaction, process implementation, operational and resource management. The purpose of this study is to know how process reengineering can lead to sustainability for outsourcing organization. Organization understands the importance of profit and having customer base, and must understand that it is important to design operation to ensure both factors are not affected. The key variables in the study are value creation, process ownership and customer focus connected to business process reengineering, while economic, environmental and social variables are connected to sustainability, these are explored in relation to each other and their connection to the problem. The theory utilized in the study are the triple bottom line and stakeholders’ theory was used in this study to provide the theoretical foundation to this study. A quantitative survey method was adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised of 850 employees and questionnaires was administered to a sample size of 272 employees using purposive and simple random sampling technique. Results showed there is a positive relationship between process reengineering and sustainability. The study is to push outsourcing organizations to review their system of operation to constantly overcome challenges and be productive in their operation. Therefore, there is need to constantly review, update, recommend and adjust the process of operation.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF SELECTED SYNTHETIC HAIR PRODUCTION COMPANIES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) LAWAL ODUNAYO RUTH; Covenant University Dissertation
The synthetic hair production industry in Lagos, Nigeria, faces significant challenges in sustainable resource management due to its reliance on fossil-based polymers, leading to inefficiencies in operational processes, resource utilization, and waste management. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Surveys were conducted among employees, managers, and consumers of synthetic hair products, complemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights into their practices and perceptions. The research findings reveal that implementing Circular Economy (CE) strategies can significantly enhance operational efficiency, resource utilization, and waste reduction while promoting responsible consumption behaviors. Specifically, product circularity improves operational processes by reducing the need for new raw materials and minimizing waste. Process circularity optimizes resource use through the incorporation of recycled materials and adoption of eco-friendly manufacturing techniques, while supply chain circularity effectively reduces waste by implementing closed-loop systems and enhancing material recovery. These findings imply that adopting CE practices can lead to substantial improvements in sustainability and efficiency within the synthetic hair sector, contributing to environmental conservation and economic benefits. Therefore, the study recommends that synthetic hair production companies invest in advanced recycling infrastructure, prioritize designing products with durability and recyclability, engage consumers through education on sustainable practices, and foster stronger collaborations with suppliers to create sustainable supply chains. These steps will help achieve long-term sustainability goals and set a precedent for other industries to follow.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF SELECTED SYNTHETIC HAIR PRODUCTION COMPANIES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) LAWAL ODUNAYO RUTH; Covenant University Dissertation
The synthetic hair production industry in Lagos, Nigeria, faces significant challenges in sustainable resource management due to its reliance on fossil-based polymers, leading to inefficiencies in operational processes, resource utilization, and waste management. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Surveys were conducted among employees, managers, and consumers of synthetic hair products, complemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights into their practices and perceptions. The research findings reveal that implementing Circular Economy (CE) strategies can significantly enhance operational efficiency, resource utilization, and waste reduction while promoting responsible consumption behaviors. Specifically, product circularity improves operational processes by reducing the need for new raw materials and minimizing waste. Process circularity optimizes resource use through the incorporation of recycled materials and adoption of eco-friendly manufacturing techniques, while supply chain circularity effectively reduces waste by implementing closed-loop systems and enhancing material recovery. These findings imply that adopting CE practices can lead to substantial improvements in sustainability and efficiency within the synthetic hair sector, contributing to environmental conservation and economic benefits. Therefore, the study recommends that synthetic hair production companies invest in advanced recycling infrastructure, prioritize designing products with durability and recyclability, engage consumers through education on sustainable practices, and foster stronger collaborations with suppliers to create sustainable supply chains. These steps will help achieve long-term sustainability goals and set a precedent for other industries to follow.
DEVELOPMENT OF AN AUTONOMOU AGENT FOR A NUMBER STRATEGY GAME USING DEEP Q-NETWORK
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) NKWOR, JANE CHINELO; Covenant University Dissertation
Deep Q-Networks (DQNs) have emerged as a pivotal reinforcement learning algorithm for training autonomous agents in complex decision-making tasks. This study investigates the application of Deep Q-Networks in Numero, a number strategy game that requires logical reasoning and iterative feedback processing. Numero is a number strategy game where players predict an opponent's secret four-digit number in the fewest steps possible by analysing feedback and refining strategies. The study explores Numero's unique challenges, such as sparse reward structures, high-dimensional state-action spaces, and non-deterministic feedback mechanisms. To address these challenges, a Deep Q-Network algorithm augmented with Prioritised Experience Replay(PER) was designed and developed to enhance sample efficiency by prioritising critical experiences during training. The autonomous agent interacts with the custom environment, sampling mini-batches from the replay buffer, performing backpropagation, and updating Q-values to improve decision-making. Hyperparameters, such as learning rate, discount factor, replay buffer and exploration rate, were tuned to optimise the agent's learning efficiency. Comparative analysis was conducted using Reservoir Sampling without Replacement and the Minimax algorithm as a baseline approach. Experimental results show that the algorithm achieved a higher success rate (correctly predicted numbers) and faster convergence than Minimax, reducing the average number of steps required to guess the secret number by more than 100%. Additionally, this algorithm demonstrated superior adaptability in handling dynamic feedback, outperforming Reservoir sampling in long-term decision-making. These findings reveal the effectiveness of Deep Q-Networks in structured feedback-driven environments, suggesting their potential application in logical reasoning and decision-making tasks and that the autonomous agent learns effective decision-making strategies through iterative training and fine-tuning, demonstrating improved performance in predicting the opponent's secret number. Further research directions include extending this approach to multi-agent settings where multiple autonomous agents can compete or collaborate to refine their strategic reasoning and explore its application in real-world scenarios requiring structured feedback processing.
EFFECTS OF FINANCIAL TECHNOLOGY, AGENT BANKING ON FINANCIAL INCLUSION IN NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) OBABUEKI OSARUGUE PEACE; Covenant University Dissertation
This study investigates the relationship between financial technology, agent banking, and financial inclusion. Employing secondary data from the Central Bank of Nigeria and Federal Reserve Economic Data, the research utilises the Granger causality test to analyse the period between 2012–2022. The findings reveal that POS transactions significantly affect mobile money account ownership, and mobile money operations exhibit the strongest positive relationship with financial inclusion. Although ATMs are widely used, their impact on financial inclusion is limited by high transaction costs and operational challenges. Mobile account ownership drives web banking usage significantly, but web banking transactions do not significantly impact mobile account ownership. The study recommends enhancing digital infrastructure, promoting financial literacy, and expanding agent networks to bridge regional disparities. By leveraging technological advancements, Nigeria can achieve broader financial inclusion and foster equitable economic growth
ENHANCEMENT OF FINGERPRINT TEMPLATE PROTECTION AND PRIVACY PRESERVATION USING FULLY HOMOMORPHIC ENCRYPTION
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) ITUH NICOL IGNATIUS; Covenant University Dissertation
The transition from conventional or token-based passwords to biometric technologies because of the advantageous characteristics of biometrics traits is increasing daily. Nowadays, biometric technologies are utilised in applications such as border control, e-banking, e-health, etc. Biometric traits comprise biological traits (iris, face, fingerprint, etc) and behavioural traits (keystroke, signature, voice, etc). In contrast to other biometric traits, the fingerprint is the most utilised in most applications. Despite the advantages, biometric technologies have their drawbacks. The biometric data of an individual is unique since no two people have the same biometrics, and compromising this biometric data could have devastating results. This issue was addressed using the implementation of the Paillier cryptosystem, a partial homomorphic encryption scheme which only involves addition operations. This implementation suffers drawbacks when faced with complex computations such as the multiplication of two ciphertexts and faces ciphertext noise growth due to these complex computations. Thus, a need for fully homomorphic encryption which handles complex computation and manages noise growth through several techniques. This research work is aimed at enhancing fingerprint template protection and privacy preservation using fully homomorphic encryption. The proposed system was developed utilising the Brakerski/Fan-Vercauteren fully homomorphic encryption scheme implemented using the OpenFHE-Python library. The system was evaluated using the Neurotechnology CrossMatch dataset according to performance metrics including Accuracy, Genuine Acceptance Rate (GAR) and Equal Error Rate (EER). Results indicated that the Neurotechnology CrossMatch dataset achieved an accuracy of 84%, GAR of 84%, and EER of 16%. Therefore, the implementation of fully homomorphic encryption in biometrics achieves adequate accuracy despite both the encryption and decryption processes, thereby safeguarding the template, and preserving the user’s privacy.
ETHICAL LEADERSHIP AND EMPLOYEES’ ENGAGEMENT IN ADO/ODO OTA LOCAL GOVERNMENT COUNCIL, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) DAVID OLUWABIMPE OMOLAYO; Covenant University Dissertation
Ethical leadership is considered one of the critical determinants of Employees’ engagement, especially within the public sector, where the manifestation of unethical practices erodes trust, reduces motivation, and, in essence, undermines the performance of such organisations. This study explored ethical leadership and Employees’ engagement within Ado/Odo Ota Local Government Council, Ogun State, Nigeria, as it relates to impediments to ethical leadership, strategies for strengthening Employees’ engagement, and environmental drivers that influence ethical leadership adoption. Quantitative data from 189 employees were collected through structured questionnaire, while qualitative insights were gathered from seven key informants who were department heads and senior administrators. Quantitative data analysis was done using SPSS 27, and thematic analysis of qualitative data was performed using ATLAS.ti 25. The results indicate that ethical leadership is significantly and positively related to Employees’ engagement, as evidenced by a correlation coefficient of 0.245, p = 0.001. The study considered political interference, resource constraints, and socio-cultural norms as critical impediments to ethical leadership in Nigerian local governance. In addition, this study identified the need for clearly defined ethics policies, ongoing leadership training, incentive structures, and enhanced transparency mechanisms necessary to establish an ethical organisational culture. This study adds much value to the theory by pushing forward the discussion of ethical leadership in public administration and governance. It thus gave empirical evidence that ethical leadership enhances Employees’ engagement by instilling employee trust, accountability, and professionalism. The findings have implications for policymakers and human resource managers in formulating targeted interventions to mitigate leadership challenges and promote a more engaged workforce in local government settings. This study has established ethical leadership as influencing Employees’ engagement in Ado/Odo Ota LGC. However, considering the geographical focus, the study concludes that future research should be expanded to broader contexts to enhance the generalisability of findings and further explore the nuanced relationship between ethical leadership and Employees’ engagement across diverse institutional settings.
GENETIC POLYMORPHISMS IN ERCC6 AND CYP17A1 AND THEIR ASSOCIATION WITH VITAMIN-D LEVELS IN NIGERIAN PROSTATE CANCER PATIENTS
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) AMADI, EMMANUEL CHIMUEBUKA; Covenant University Dissertation
Prostate cancer (PCa) constitutes the principal cause of cancer-related deaths among males over 40 in Africa, especially in Nigeria. By 2030, 10.8% of males may develop PCa before 75. The aggressiveness of PCa in Blacks versus Caucasians is not well understood. Mutations in tumour-specific genes like Excision Repair Cross-Complementation Group 6 (ERCC6) and Cytochrome P450 Family 17 Subfamily A Member 1 (CYP17A1) may serve as diagnostic biomarkers. ERCC6, involved in DNA repair, and CYP17A1, key in androgen production, are linked to PCa progression. This study assessed ERCC6 rs2228528 and CYP17A1 rs4919686 polymorphisms and their relation to vitamin D (VD) and androgen receptor (AR) levels in Nigerian PCa patients. Vitamin D (VD) insufficiency is linked with increased prostate cancer (PCa) mortality and influences energy metabolism in normal prostate cells. The Androgen Receptor (AR) regulates vital genes in prostate cancer development and is more common in Black populations. Exploring ERCC6 and CYP17A1 in relation to VD and AR could improve PCa diagnosis. This study evaluated the association between ERCC6 rs2228528 (C > T) and CYP17A1 rs4919686 (A > C) polymorphisms, located in ERCC6 exon 11 and the CYP17A1 promoter, respectively, vis-à-vis VD and AR levels in Nigerian PCa patients. Genotyping employed real-time PCR with TaqMan assays, while enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure VD and AR levels. The data was then analysed using Excel, SPSS, and R. Results revealed a higher presence of ERCC6 rs2228528 wildtype genotypes in cases (37%) compared to controls (30%) and a lower presence of CYP17A1 rs4919686 wildtype genotypes in cases (46%) versus controls (48%). No significant associations (p > 0.05) were found between these polymorphisms. Nevertheless, rs2228528 shows promise as a PCa biomarker. VD levels were higher in cases (52.49 ng/mL) than in control (47.93 ng/mL), while difference in androgen levels were not significant (p > 0.05). Lastly, ERCC6 polymorphism, but not CYP17A1, shows potential as a possible biomarker for PCa. Larger studies are needed for definitive conclusions.
NATIONAL POPULATION COMMISSION’S COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUES, INFORMATION SOURCES AND RESIDENTS’ ATTITUDES TOWARDS CENSUS: A STUDY OF ALIMOSHO LOCAL GOVERNMENT, LAGOS
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) FASAKIN OLANREWAJU JOSEPH; Covenant University Dissertation
QUALITY CONTROL ASSESSMENT OF BODY-MAKING PROCESS IN ALUMINIUM BEVERAGE CAN PRODUCTION
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-01) AKEREKAN OPEYEMI ERNEST; Covenant University Dissertation
This study focused on the analyses of the quality control process of aluminium beverage can production (sleek size – 330 ml) monitored over a period of time, by deploying six key parameters: Bright Can Axial Load, Finished Can Height, Flange Width, Groove Diameter after Reformer, Dome Depth with Reformer, and Finished Can Buckle. These parameters revolve around the standardization and specification of the beverage can for a sustainable food packaging process. The study employed Statgraphics Centurion (version VII) as a statistical tool for analyzing process stability and capability through Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques. This software generated control charts (X-bar charts) and process capability indices (Cp and Cpk) to evaluate process performance and identify areas requiring improvement. Descriptive statistical measures such as process mean and standard deviation were calculated to support the analysis. The methodology also included thoroughly evaluating production line data, with variations in each quality parameter assessed against defined specification limits. Results indicate that the Bright Can Axial Load has a moderate capability (Cp = 0.82, Cpk = 0.75) with a slightly off-center mean. Also, the Finished Can Height show low capability (Cp = 0.30, Cpk = 0.25), indicating significant variability. Flange Width has moderate capability (Cp = 0.43, Cpk = 0.43), while Groove Diameter after Reformer presents a Cp of 0.60 but a very low Cpk of 0.06, reflecting a misaligned process mean. In addition to this, Dome Depth with Reformer shows moderate capability (Cp = 0.53, Cpk = 0.23), needing better centering. Finished Can Buckle demonstrates the highest capability (Cp = 1.63, Cpk = 0.74) with a slightly off-center mean. The findings imply that aligning process means with specification limits and reducing variability will ensure consistent, high-quality aluminium production. Thus improving the operation process and subsequent improvement in the overall productivity of aluminium beverage cans.