Browsing by Author "Oluwaseyi, Temitope Ayinde"

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ASSESSMENT OF THE BACTERIAL PROFILE OF LARVAL AND ADULT ANOPHELINES IN SOUTH-WEST NIGERIA AND IMPLICATIONS FOR PERMETHRIN RESISTANCE
(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-09) Oluwaseyi, Temitope Ayinde; Covenant University, Thesis
Malaria remains one of the major scourges and a contributor to morbidity and mortality in Nigeria. Despite efforts made by the National Malaria Elimination Program and its partners to control malaria, malaria still remains a major public health issue in Nigeria. Data from sentinel sites indicate that mosquitoes are now resistant to major classes of insecticides, necessitating a deeper understanding of vector dynamics. This study investigated the physicochemical parameters, heavy metal concentrations, algal toxin composition, and characterised the bacterial communities associated with mosquito larvae and permethrin-resistant and susceptible adult Anopheles mosquitoes collected from urban and rural communities in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria, between July and December 2024. The spatial distribution of the breeding sites was georeferenced, and the physicochemical parameters were measured in accordance with the American Public Health Association (APHA) standard protocols. The bacterial communities in the water samples, larvae, resistant, and susceptible adult mosquitoes were profiled using 16S rRNA PacBio sequencing, and functional metagenomics was performed with PICRUST2. Anopheles mosquitoes were identified using morphological keys and molecular characterisation by PCR techniques, and permethrin susceptibility was carried out following the WHO standard procedures. One hundred and twenty breeding sites were sampled, and six types of breeding sites were identified. Across the breeding sites, puddles had the highest occurrence of mosquito larvae habitats (56.7%), construction sites containers (15.8%), Tyres (13.3%), Drains (6.7%), Bowls (5.8%), and Wells (1.7%). Physicochemical parameters, such as Chemical Oxygen Demand, Temperature, and pH, were high at breeding sites with no larvae presence in urban and rural areas across Oyo and Ogun states. Larvae presence was identified in breeding sites with algal toxins, and the presence of saxitoxins influenced the presence of larvae. The bacterial composition of the water samples was 80% Gramnegative and 20% Gram-positive with four most abundant taxa which include the Pseudomonas 22%, Aeromonas (15%), Serratia (10%), and Enterobacter (7%). Comparing the microbial communities in urban and rural sites revealed no substantial variation in their composition across the breeding sites; however, across the developmental stages, the bacterial communities of mosquitoes varied greatly. Among the mosquito larvae, Anophelines larvae were present in 62.4% of the habitats, Culicine larvae in 8%, Aedes larvae in 25.8% while there was a co-occurrence of Culicine and Aedes larvae in 3.2% of the habitats. Two members of the Anopheles gambiae (Anopheles arabiensis and Anopheles colluzzii) family were identified as malaria vectors using polymerase chain reaction. High knockdown rates and resistance were observed in rural and urban Local Government Areas (LGAs) in Ogun state.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Mosquito-borne Viral Diseases among Residents of Ogun State, Nigeria
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2025) Oluwaseyi, Temitope Ayinde; Adeogun, Adedapo Olufemi; Oranusi, Solomon Uche
Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya, pose significant public health challenges, particularly in regions like Ogun State, Nigeria, where ecological and sociodemographic factors facilitate vector proliferation. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to mosquito-borne diseases among Ogun State residents, providing insights to guide targeted interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 450 respondents selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and linear regression, was performed using R software to identify associations between demographic factors and KAP indicators. The study population was predominantly young adults (mean age: 25.49 years), with more male participants (65.3%) and a nearly even urban-rural split. While 66.4% of respondents had heard of mosquito-borne diseases, only 34.7% and 36.7% identified Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes as vectors. Preventive practices such as sleeping under mosquito nets (80.8%) were standard, but other measures, including eliminating stagnant water (46.4%) and using insecticides (40.3%), were less prevalent. Attitudes toward diagnostic testing were limited, with most respondents relying on symptomatic recognition rather than confirmatory testing. Significant associations were observed between demographics and KAP indicators. The findings highlight critical gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to mosquito-borne diseases in Ogun State. Targeted health education, improved access to preventive tools, and community engagement are essential to bridging these gaps and reducing the public health burden of mosquito-borne diseases.
Permethrin resistance of Anopheles mosquito species across diverse habitats in rural and urban areas of Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria
(The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 2026) Oluwaseyi, Temitope Ayinde; Adeogun, Adedapo Olufemi; Orabueze, Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya; Adediran, Adewale Daniel; Oranusi, Solomon Uche
Background Various habitats have been shown to support the breeding of mosquitoes in both urban and rural settings, which has led to an increase in the population of these pathogen-transmitting vectors. Urbanisation has emerged as a key driver of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes primarily due to the increased use of insecticides, which exert selective pressure on the mosquito population leading to the development of resistance. The rise of insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes, the primary malaria vector, threatens malaria control in Nigeria. Methods This study characterised various Mosquito breeding sites across rural and urban habitats in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria, and identified the diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes using morphological keys and PCR techniques. The resistance profile of Anopheles mosquitoes to permethrin was determined using the WHO standard insecticide bioassay. Results Six habitat types were identified among the 120 habitats sampled, with puddles being the most frequently occurring breeding site. Two members of the Anopheles gambiae family were identified as malaria vectors. High knockdown rates (KDT50 & KDT90) were observed in four rural and four urban LGAs in Ogun state and one urban LGA in Oyo state, indicating resistance to permethrin. In contrast, mosquitoes in Akinyele and Ibadan North LGAs were susceptible to permethrin, while those in Oyo East LGA exhibited reduced susceptibility. Conclusion These findings are crucial for understanding the dynamics of insecticide resistance in developing regions and can inform the development of specific targeted vector control strategies aimed at strengthening malaria control programs in Nigeria.