Browsing by Author "Oranusi, Solomon Uche"

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Antibacterial Activity of the Essential Oil of Ocimum gratissimum L. against Multidrug-resistant Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
(Trop J Phytocbem Phann Sci., 2025-06) Oranusi, Solomon Uche; Oyesile, Oluwapelumi S.; Obafemi, Yemisi D.; Akinduti, Paul A.; Omonhinmin, Conrad A.
Identification and Full-Genome Characterisation of Genomoviruses in Cassava Leaves Infected with Cassava Mosaic Disease
(Viruses (MDPI), 2025) Onile-ere, Olabode; John, Oluwagboaduram; Sonowo, Oreoluwa; Name, Pakyendou Estel; Tibiri, Ezechiel Bionimian; Tiendrébéogo, Fidèle; Pita, Justin; Oranusi, Solomon Uche; Eni, Angela O
This study identified and characterised three Genomoviruses during a circular DNAenriched sequencing project aimed at assessing the evolution of Cassava mosaic begomoviruses in Nigeria. Using a combination of rolling circle amplification, Oxford Nanopore Sequencing and targeted amplicon sequencing, three full-length Genomovirus genomes were recovered. The recovered genomes ranged from 2090 to 2188 nucleotides in length, contained two open reading frames (Rep and CP) in an ambisense orientation and shared between 84.81 and 95.37% nucleotide similarity with isolates in the NCBI GenBank repository. Motif analyses confirmed the presence of conserved rolling circle replication (RCR) and helicase motifs in all three isolates; however, one isolate lacked the RCR II motif. Phylogenetic inference using Rep and CP nucleotide sequences suggested that the isolates belonged to a divergent lineage within the Genomovirus family. These findings expand current knowledge of Genomovirus diversity and highlight the potential of cassava as a source for identifying novel CRESS-DNA viruses.
Inhibitors of Protein Targets of Plasmodium falciparum
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2024-11-24) Oranusi, Solomon Uche; Mameh, Emmanuel Ojochegbe; Oyegbade, Samuel Adeniyi; Balogun, Daniel Oluwatobiloba; Aririguzoh, Victoria-Grace Onyekachi
The World Health Organization documented 247 million reported malaria cases worldwide resulting in 619,000 fatalities in 2021. More than 70% of these deaths are attributed to Children under five years of age and sub-Saharan Africa is the region in which the highest number of deaths occur. The Plasmodium falciparum parasite is the deadliest form of malaria, and treating falciparum infection is becoming more challenging due to the emergence of drug-resistant parasites, causing a decrease in the efficiency of antimalarial medications. Artemisinin combination therapy is now considered the gold standard for malaria treatment; however, this method is at risk due to parasites exhibiting delayed clearance to artemisinin and resistance to partner drugs such as lumefantrine, amodiaquine, mefloquine, piperaquine, and sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine. This review assessed drug targets in Plasmodium falciparum for the development of novel antimalarials. Over Eighty-five papers on malaria, Plasmodium falciparum protein targets, and protein inhibitors were gathered from Google Scholar, ProQuest, PubMed, and Science Direct, between 2012 and 2023. Only articles with comparable keywords on malaria drug targets concentrating on enzyme proteins, carrier molecules present in Plasmodium falciparum, and their inhibitors were retrieved for review, while articles within that range that did not provide definite data were excluded. Most recently, inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), artefenomel (OZ439), and ferroquine have been reported and are being explored in combination with other partner medications to work against different stages of plasmodium parasite. In identifying target proteins for drug development, essentiality and vulnerability throughout the life cycle of the parasite, its druggability, and the availability of target-based assays are critical factors. The use of modern proteomics and cellular proteins from database search which assists in parasite proliferation delivers optimal information on the new generation of lead compounds. In addition, advances in in silico methods enable the identification of protein targets for drug development.
Knowledge, Attitudes, and Practices Related to Mosquito-borne Viral Diseases among Residents of Ogun State, Nigeria
(Journal of Pure and Applied Microbiology, 2025) Oluwaseyi, Temitope Ayinde; Adeogun, Adedapo Olufemi; Oranusi, Solomon Uche
Mosquito-borne diseases, such as malaria, yellow fever, dengue, and chikungunya, pose significant public health challenges, particularly in regions like Ogun State, Nigeria, where ecological and sociodemographic factors facilitate vector proliferation. This study aims to assess the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to mosquito-borne diseases among Ogun State residents, providing insights to guide targeted interventions. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 450 respondents selected through a multistage sampling technique. Data on socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices were collected using a structured questionnaire. Statistical analysis, including descriptive statistics, chi-squared tests, and linear regression, was performed using R software to identify associations between demographic factors and KAP indicators. The study population was predominantly young adults (mean age: 25.49 years), with more male participants (65.3%) and a nearly even urban-rural split. While 66.4% of respondents had heard of mosquito-borne diseases, only 34.7% and 36.7% identified Anopheles and Aedes mosquitoes as vectors. Preventive practices such as sleeping under mosquito nets (80.8%) were standard, but other measures, including eliminating stagnant water (46.4%) and using insecticides (40.3%), were less prevalent. Attitudes toward diagnostic testing were limited, with most respondents relying on symptomatic recognition rather than confirmatory testing. Significant associations were observed between demographics and KAP indicators. The findings highlight critical gaps in knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to mosquito-borne diseases in Ogun State. Targeted health education, improved access to preventive tools, and community engagement are essential to bridging these gaps and reducing the public health burden of mosquito-borne diseases.
Permethrin resistance of Anopheles mosquito species across diverse habitats in rural and urban areas of Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria
(The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 2026) Oluwaseyi, Temitope Ayinde; Adeogun, Adedapo Olufemi; Orabueze, Ibuchukwu Nkeonyenasoya; Adediran, Adewale Daniel; Oranusi, Solomon Uche
Background Various habitats have been shown to support the breeding of mosquitoes in both urban and rural settings, which has led to an increase in the population of these pathogen-transmitting vectors. Urbanisation has emerged as a key driver of insecticide resistance in mosquitoes primarily due to the increased use of insecticides, which exert selective pressure on the mosquito population leading to the development of resistance. The rise of insecticide resistance in Anopheles mosquitoes, the primary malaria vector, threatens malaria control in Nigeria. Methods This study characterised various Mosquito breeding sites across rural and urban habitats in Ogun and Oyo States, Nigeria, and identified the diversity of Anopheles mosquitoes using morphological keys and PCR techniques. The resistance profile of Anopheles mosquitoes to permethrin was determined using the WHO standard insecticide bioassay. Results Six habitat types were identified among the 120 habitats sampled, with puddles being the most frequently occurring breeding site. Two members of the Anopheles gambiae family were identified as malaria vectors. High knockdown rates (KDT50 & KDT90) were observed in four rural and four urban LGAs in Ogun state and one urban LGA in Oyo state, indicating resistance to permethrin. In contrast, mosquitoes in Akinyele and Ibadan North LGAs were susceptible to permethrin, while those in Oyo East LGA exhibited reduced susceptibility. Conclusion These findings are crucial for understanding the dynamics of insecticide resistance in developing regions and can inform the development of specific targeted vector control strategies aimed at strengthening malaria control programs in Nigeria.