Browsing by Author "Osimen Goddy U."

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2011 POST-ELECTORAL VIOLENCE IN NIGERIA: LESSON FOR 2015 GENERAL ELECTION
(American International Journal of Research in Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2013) Osimen Goddy U.; OLOGUNOWA CHRISTOPHER SUNDAY
Nigeria is a heterogeneous country with diverse and overlapping religious and ethnic divisions. Nigerian culture is as diverse as its population, which is estimated to be around 150 million. With the regaining of political process in 1999 after over thirty (30) years of military rule, Nigeria looked set for a return to stability and the regaining of its position in the commity of nations particularly in Africa. Wrongly so, this was not to be. Since the 1999 to the 2011 General elections, the Nigeria electoral and political landscape has fallen from par to below par and has moved from violence to greater violence. The level and magnitude of electoral and political violence has risen and the political elites have often converted poverty ridden unemployed Nigerian youths into readymade machinery for the perpetration of electoral violence. This is linked to the political system and institution that in theory has failed to political participation and in practice has seen the political elites forming bulk of the sponsors and perpetrators of electoral violence. This paper therefore, painstakingly analyzed the electoral malpractices and fraud that have characterized elections in Nigeria since 1960 till 2011 general elections in chronological order. In the final analysis, it was discovered that virtually all the electoral malpractices and fraud associated with elections including violence and crises are carried out by youths, who are paid and hired by politicians as party thugs to threatened the electorate and thereby disrupts the smooth democratic process. Necessary recommendations were given to promote and sustain credible, free and fair elections in Nigeria.
A Survey On The Socio-Political Challenges Driving The Trend Of Education Tourism In Foreign Institutions Among Nigerian Tertiary Level Students
(Educational Administration: Theory and Practice 30(5), 2024) bhadmus Joy; Chidozie Felix C.; Osimen Goddy U.
Education tourism has been a sought-after option in recent years for tertiary level students in Nigeria who are in search of quality education in foreign institutions. Reports have revealed that Nigeria has the highest outbound student mobility in Africa. The decision for Nigerian tertiary level students to leave the country is motivated by the socio-political challenges that have plagued the public tertiary institutions in Nigeria. This study therefore examines how socio-political challenges have influenced education tourism in foreign institutions among Nigerian tertiary level students with a focus on three socio-political challenges - poor funding, incessant strikes, and insecurity. Hence, both primary data and secondary data were collected using literature search and interview. This study adopts the Human Capital Theory. Data gathered were analysed using thematic method of analysis. This research reveals that the absence of sustainable funding of public tertiary institutions, the constant disruption in academic calendars, and the state of insecurityhave led to the prevalence of education tourism among Nigerian tertiary level students to foreign institutions, and more students are willing to embark on education tourism if given the means and the opportunity to do so. This study recommends that there should be the yearly allocation of 26% of the national budget to the education sector which will help close the gap that stands currently. The study therefore concludes that there is a relationship between socio-political challenges and education tourism.
Africa-China Relations: Implications for Economic Development
(AMERICAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL ISSUES AND HUMANITIES Vol. 4 | Issue 2, 2014-03) Oko Chinedu Ogbonnia; Osimen Goddy U.; Oko Felix Iduma
The presence of the People’s Republic of China in the African continent has enormous implications for economic development. There is a general agreement that the relationship between China and Africa has both negative as well as positive ramifications, pointing to the imperatives of re-strategizing or re-positioning Africa to optimize its opportunities. Although, the development goal is mutually beneficial for all parties, several countries in Africa are increasingly realizing the risks of dealing with China. Suffice it to say that the quest for sustainable growth and development in Africa has been made complex as a result of a multiplicity of factors, extraneous and endogenous. The paper offers some insights as well as recommendations on how the African continent can maximize opportunities provided by China while ameliorating future trade and partnership related challenges.
Africans Caught in the Web of Migration, the Fears, the Tears, and the Triumphs
(Palgrave Macmillan, 2024) Daudu Basil Osayin; Osimen Goddy U.
An Assessment of Corruption in the Public Sector in Nigeria: A Study of Akure South Local Government Area, Ondo State
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 9, No. 5,, 2013) Osimen Goddy U.; Adenegan Taiwo Samuel; Balogun Akinyemi
Issue of corruption in Nigeria has been a major concern to all and sundry in the society. The upsurge of this social menace in Nigeria in recent times is disturbing and it seems the menace has defied all kinds of treatment and the damage it has caused to national life cannot be quantified. The objective of this paper therefore, is to examine and assess corruption in the public sector in Nigeria with particular reference to Akure South Local Government Area of Ondo State. It has generated data based on questionnaires, on the public perception and level of corruption in the study area. The questionnaire and the groups tested were segmented. However, it was observed that many factors such as; lack of transparency, moral laxity, weak government institutions, unemployment and poverty etc were significant factors stimulating corruption in Nigeria. By this result, it means that proactive measures must be shaped towards eradicating corruption in Nigeria. This paper recommends, among others, that government should strengthen the institutions established to fight corruption
An Unnecessary War of Fame: The East and West NATO’s Enlargement Strategies and the Geopolitics of Russo- Ukrainian Conflict
(International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 9, Issue 4, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Ade-Ibijola Aderemi Opeyemi
Russian invasion of Ukraine is one of the most critical geopolitical crises the world leaders are facing currently. And is being seen as one of the most serious test of European security in the recent time, and its presents a serious challenge as to understanding of President Putin‟s geopolitical intentions while, these grievances included the long-simmering dispute over the expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the legitimacy of Ukrainian identity as well as their statehood. It reflected a worldview Putin had long expressed, emphasizing the deep-seated unity among the Eastern Slavs-Russians and Ukrainians who they both trace their origins to the medieval KyivanRus commonwealth-and suggesting that the modern states of Russia and Ukraine should share a common political destiny now and in the future. Owing to that view is the claim that distinct Ukrainian identity is the product of foreign manipulation mostly, by Russia‟s acclaimed imperial rivals; using Ukraine as part of an “anti-Russia project. Consequently, the paper revealed that NATO is not only Russia‟s problem but, Russia‟s ambitions to extend beyond preventing Ukrainian NATO membership and encompass a more detailed aspiration to dominate Ukraine politically, militarily, and economically triggered the current conflict in Ukraine. The paper further revealed that Russia is almost certain to flop in its bid to establish lasting control over its neighbors owing to external factors, mostly the West and the nonconformist nature of Ukraine government. Therefore, concludes that if Russia must feel fully secure with regard to Ukraine, Ukraine must be territorially truncated or geopolitically neutralized by Russia. Then, if neutralization is not feasible as a strategy, Russia must renewed stability, though, this option would largely depend either on the West agreeing in renewed Russian control of Ukraine, or on Russia accepting the loss of Ukraine. It is most likely that a non-cooperative result will emerge at the end of the day, in which Russia may limit its military activity, but will continue to ensure that Ukraine cannot do what is desired to achieve or join Europe-west- NATO world.
ANCHOR BORROWERS’ PROGRAMME ON RICE PRODUCTION AND FOOD SECURITY IN EBONYI STATE, NIGERIA
(African Journal of Biological Sciences 6(13), 2024) Chima Obinna S.; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Duruji M. M.; Osimen Goddy U.; Abasilim Ugochukwu D.
This study examines the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme on Rice Production and Food Security in Ebonyi State and how the federal government has used the initiative to ramp up rice production in the country. A questionnaire was used as the research instrument to collect the required data from 442, after deploying a cross-sectional research design and convenience sampling technique. Data collected were examined through pearson’s product moment correlation, t-test and linear regression analyses respectively with the aid of Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23. This study adopts the human security theory, with focus on food security, which is one of the seven major components of the human security paradigm as its theoretical framework. The human security theory presents us with a heuristic tool for interrogating the central issue of this study. The results of the study revealed a strong significant relationship between the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme and food security in Ebonyi state, which positively affects Nigeria as a whole. The statistical test results show that the Anchor Borrowers’ Programme brought food security to Ebonyi state. This study also showed that the interventions have specifically helped to reduce Nigeria’s rice import bill from US$1.05 billion to US$18.50 million annually. In total, about 13 million direct and indirect jobs have been created as a result of the Bank’s agricultural sector interventions. Study further showed strong linked with poverty reduction among smallholder farmers in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. Finally, the study results show that Anchor Borrowers’ Programme has significantly transformed rural smallholder farmers from subsistence to commercial production in Ebonyi State, Nigeria. The study recommends among others that Nigeria's Federal and state governments should ensure sustenance of the programme, unemployed graduates should take advantage of the Anchor Borrowers' Programme, as they have everything to gain and nothing to lose and more of such programmes need to be encouraged in other sectors of the economy in Nigeria, such as education, Real Estate, and Small and Medium Enterprises, to mention but a few.
Armed Banditry and Mass School Abductions in Northern Nigeria: Implications for National Security
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 18, No. 4, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Daudu Basil Osayin
Security threats in Nigeria, due to activities of armed bandits/extremist such as kidnapping school children for ransom is one of the major prevalent insecurity issues that threaten to collapse government structures in the country. Nigeria is currently groaning under the yoke of the jihadist/Islamic movement, secessionist’s movement and all manners of criminalities. The recent spate of abductions and mass kidnapping of school children represents one of the existential threats to the future of education in northern Nigeria. The problems have provoked serious concerns across the nation, has called for urgent and holistic resolution. It has continued to be precarious, volatile and highly unpredictable, therefore creating untold fear on the people in the region; exacerbate the close down of many schools, food crisis situation, sexual molestation/slavery, and increasing wave of Internally Displaced Persons. Government’s response to the challenges has generally been ineffectual, uncoordinated and poorly executed. This paper, therefore, examines the mainstream of armed banditry, hostage taking/kidnapping in northern schools and their security threats to Nigeria. This paper anchored on “Failed state theory” and data were sourced through secondary means and analyzed qualitatively. The paper revealed that lack of education, mass illiteracy and lack of employment opportunities are among the root causes of the criminalities, banditry, and terrorism in northern Nigeria. Hence, government cannot be passive about this security challenge. It is obviously clear that government has failed in her duty to provide basic needs and has also failed to defend and protect her people. Therefore, government should address the root causes of insecurity in the northern Nigeria including overhauling the security architecture system among other policies geared towards eliminating structural imbalance in the region.
Artificial intelligence and arms control in modern warfare
(Cogent Social Sciences (Taylor & Francis), 2024-09) Osimen Goddy U.; Newo Oluwamurewa; Fulani Oluwakemi Morola
This work assesses the impact of artificial intelligence (AI) on modern warfare. AI has led to a new arms race, which has impacted military dynamics among the superpowers in the 21st century. The study aims to evaluate the propagation of AI-powered weapons from the vantage point of ethics, international humanitarian law, and arms control. Secondary data is engaged for this study, and the exploratory and descriptive research design is adopted alongside a thematic analysis for data synthesis. The theories of technological determinism and consequentialism are adopted to observe the effects of technological advancement on weaponry alongside the ethical consequences of these weapons to safeguard human rights in combat scenarios. The study discovered that AI has led to a new arms race among the superpowers, and there is a need to advocate for arms control measures to promote international peace and security. The intersection between AI and arms proliferation, as well as how it has affected peace and security dynamics, was also detailed. The work concludes by reasserting the need for substantive international humanitarian laws and arms control efforts for lethal and autonomous weapons.
Artificial Intelligence in Modern Warfare: Navigating the Complexities of Ethical Decision-Making in the Face of Uncertainty
(Power System Technology Volume 49 Issue 2, 2025-05-22) Osimen Goddy U.; Ayankoya Abimbola Rachel; Edokpa Fadal Mary; Ade-Ibijola Aderemi Opeyemi
The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into military operations significantly impacts international peace, necessitating a comprehensive understanding of its implications by the international community, scholars, and policymakers. This study examines the ethical issues surrounding AI in modern warfare, with a focus on accountability, particularly in autonomous system failures. Anchored on technological determinism theory, this qualitative study analyzes secondary data from credible sources, including online resources, textbooks, journal articles, conference proceedings, and newspapers. Thematic analysis reveals that the increasing use of AI in warfare raises profound ethical questions about accountanbility, human dignity, and the future of conflict. The study recommends the establishment of a global framework to regulate the military use of artificial intelligence in their operations
Artificial Intelligence, Fintech, and Financial Inclusion in African Digital Space
(FinTech and Financial Inclusion, 2025) Daudu Basil Osayin; Osimen Goddy U.; Abubakar Abdulrasheed Toyin
The importance of the economy of a nation cannot be over-emphasized, as its technological progress is largely dependent on economic stability. The adoption of 21st-century technology, especially in financial technology, has strengthened the economic sector consisting of artificial intelligence (AI) applications and innovations such as blockchain, virtual cards, mobile payments, smart contracts, and robotic processes. These AI innovations have reshaped commerce by greatly transforming financial transactions among businesses, consumers, and individuals. The African digital sphere is enriched with fintech-driven economic activities enabling financial inclusion, making products and services available and affordable to everyone. Notwithstanding, the presence of cybercriminal activities has become a serious threat to the growth of fintech and financial inclusion across Africa. With a qualitative approach, this chapter examines the extent of economic progress in the adoption of fintech and financial inclusion in Africa and their impact on the continent alongside pragmatic means of mitigating cyber threats. This chapter, therefore, positions AI as a facilitator and problem-solving tool in advancing fintech and financial inclusion within the African digital sphere.
Artisanal petroleum refining and health security in Rivers State, Nigeria
(Heritage and Sustainable Development Vol. 6, No. 2, 2024-10) Oladoyin Anthony Mayowa; Pokubo Ibiso Esther; Osimen Goddy U.
This study investigated the ramifications of artisanal petroleum refining on public health security within the locales of Degema, Ogu-bolo, and Opobo local government areas. Its primary objective was to investigate the relationship between artisanal petroleum refining and health security in Rivers State. A cross-sectional survey research design was employed. Both primary and secondary data were used in the analysis of data. Primary data were sourced through a structured questionnaire. Secondary data were also drawn from scholarly literature sources, including internet materials and national publications. From the estimated population of 686,900, the sample size was determined using the sample size formula for proportion estimation which resulted in 384 respondents. Additionally, a total of 9 healthcare professionals within the study area were interviewed. A total of 295 respondents was covered for analysis, based on the response rate of the usable questionnaire received. A total of 202 (68.4%) respondents affirmed that they experience health challenges as a result of exposure to residues from illegal petroleum refining in the study areas. The data obtained were subjected to Pearson correlation and one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software to test the correlation. The test of correlation on the relationship between illegal petroleum refining (-.439) and health security (1) in Rivers State, indicated a moderate negative correlation, which is significant at 0.01 level (2-tailed). In order words, there is an inverse relationship between health security and illegal petroleum refining; which means that health security decreases as illegal petroleum refining increases. The incidence of illegal petroleum refining undoubtedly presents considerable hazards to public health security. This challenge can be mitigated by the assimilation of the knowledge and expertise of the illegal refiners into a comprehensive technology that the country can harness for starting up a national program of safe petroleum refining in Nigeria.
Assessing the effect of international migration on the livelihood of the Bini people of Edo State, Nigeria
(International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(1), 2025) Braimah Ehiagwina Sunday; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Chidozie Felix C.; Osimen Goddy U.
This study investigates the impact of international migration on the Bini people of Edo State, Nigeria who are renowned for their rich cultural heritage, arts and historical migration patterns. The primary objective is assessing how international migration affects their economic and social life. This study posits that migration is primarily motivated by the search for better employment opportunities with individuals making well-considered decisions to enhance their economic prospects using neoclassical theory. Furthermore, the new economic migration theory is applied to examine the broader impacts of migration on the Bini community’s lifestyle in Edo South. Data for this research were gathered through focused group interviews and structured questionnaires. A linear regression analysis was conducted to assess the role of remittances in the community’s economic dynamics. The analysis indicates that remittances are crucial in shaping the Bini people’s economic activities. It also suggests that these remittances should be strategically invested in business ventures to maximise the benefits. This study concludes that international migration plays a significant role in improving the livelihood of the Bini people enhancing their economic stability and growth. The findings highlight the need to channel remittances effectively into productive investments to benefit the community. The Bini people can better leverage the economic advantages provided by international migration leading to sustained community development and economic resilience by strategically investing in business ventures.
Assessing the Impact of Maternity Leave Policy on Organisational Performance in Covenant University, Nigeria
(Journal Of Petsthumanism Volume: 5, No: 1, 2025) Osimen Goddy U.; Ayankoya Abimbola Rachel; Nwobodo Helen; Alawode Olufemi
Workers are an organization's most asset since without them, it cannot function. As a result, workers are dependent on their employers for both a place to work and the implementation of their own disciplined practices to ensure their welfare. One aspect of an organization's welfare is the maternity leave policy that Covenant University offers its female employees, which is three months of paid leave designed to help women balance their reproductive and productive lives. Employee wellbeing is crucial to ensuring the operation of the organization. The Social Construct theory was used in the investigation. Thus, to critically analyse the impact of employee wellbeing on organizational performance, this study looks at Covenant University's maternity leave policy. As a result, literature searches, questionnaires, and interviews were used to gather both primary and secondary data. Analysis of the collected data was done using correlation, frequency, and percentage. According to the research, there is a small but statistically significant positive correlation between maternity leave policy and organizational performance, and a higher maternity leave policy will result in a modest improvement in organizational performance. Accordingly, the report suggests that Covenant University's maternity leave compensation be examined and raised to full pay once again. The study concludes that there is a direct relationship between organizational success and employee welfare, which is improved by the maternity leave policy.
Assessing the security implications of the ECOWAS protocol on free movement in Nigeria
(International Journal of Innovative Research and Scientific Studies, 8(2), 2025) Ochoga Edwin Ochoga; Osimen Goddy U.; Pokubo Ibiso Esther
The study is designed to assess whether the ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement of Persons has had negative implications for Nigeria’s national security. The study used key informant interviews and secondary sources as instruments to collect qualitative and quantitative data. The study critiqued the economic integration theory, and the assumption of the theory is premised on the removal of tariff and non-tariff barriers among member states for the free movement of factors of production across national borders. It used the obtained qualitative and quantitative data to demonstrate how Nigeria’s national security has been negatively affected by the free movement regime of ECOWAS. The study reveals that there is a relationship between the free movement enabled by the Protocol and the spread of Boko Haram terrorism, cattle rustling, armed banditry, and the activities of violent herders in Nigeria. Poor implementation of the Protocol by Nigeria, arising from the non-enforcement of Article 4 of the Protocol, the absence of a migration central database, porous borders, and socio-cultural affinities among border communities, are the challenges associated with the implementation of the Protocol in Nigeria. This study argues that proponents of the ECOWAS Protocol on free movement are mainly concerned about the economic benefits of the Protocol for member states without considering the socio-economic complexities associated with the window provided by the free movement regime occasioned by ECOWAS. It is upon this contextual premise that the study reveals that, unlike previous studies, every region has its own specificities to take into account when addressing the concept of free movement. Indeed, given the specific character of migratory movements in each region, there are perhaps as many different approaches to the subject as there are regions. In conclusion, despite the socio-economic benefits of the free movement regime, it has shown that the Protocol has been poorly implemented by Nigeria, with its attendant consequences on Nigeria’s national security. This finding was arrived at by subjecting the conventional perspective of regional economic integration to scrutiny, using Nigeria as a case study. The study recommends that guided economic integration is more desirable for Nigeria’s national security than the ideological allegory of the economic integration theory.
Autonomous Warfare: Exploring the Consequences of AI-Powered Weapons System on Global Peace and Security
(Power System Technology Volume 49 Issue 2, 2025-05-22) Osimen Goddy U.; Anegbode John Ehiabhi; Oladipo Temidayo David; Ifaloye Oluwatosin R.
The inclusion of Autonomous machine into armed forces activities has significant consequences for the world order. Grasping these consequences has become a primary concern for decision-makers, analysts, and global stakeholders. This research explores how AI-powered weapons systems affect defence systems, focusing on advanced military technologies and emphasising the possible risk of weaponry competition. The central point is that the ethical use of AI is crucial for preserving serenity. With the adoption of a critical analysis of existing literature and case studies, this study assesses AI’s role in military contexts and its ethical dimensions. The study found that while AI improves military capabilities, it raises significant legal and ethical issues. Consequently, it recommends establishing AI governance, international standards, and collaborative efforts to avert abuse.
Between Security and Environmental Change: A Theoretical Exploration of the Linkage
(Migration Letters Volume: 20, No: S8, 2023) Osimen Goddy U.; Ayankoya Abimbola Rachel; Udoh Oluwakemi D.
Objective: The aim of this study is to reveal the symbiotic relationship between environmental change and the hazards it poses to people, nation-states, and society, and to put environmental security studies squarely on the minds of security scholars and practitioners everywhere. The study concluded that environmental security is not only a worthwhile area of study in and of itself but also has much to offer security studies in general. Method: The study adopted a theoretical exploration of the linkage between security and environmental change. Result: Environmental security studies research has an impact on the nature of threats, the status of security, the execution of security, and strategies for undoing crisis politics, in addition to the ethics of security and privatization. The risks that people face depend not just on the physical changes in their environment, but also on how dependent they are on it for survival and how well they can adapt to these changes. Conclusion: Therefore, societal factors of insecurity like conflict, corruption, trade dependence, and liberalization of the economy have an impact on how sensitive and adaptable people are to environmental changes.
Boko Haram Insurgency/Terrorist and its Impact on Nigeria’s Economy
(International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 11, Issue 12, 2021) Alonge Sylvester; Osimen Goddy U.
Boko Haram terrorist group has posed a significant security problem to the country. Apart from the fact that the terrorist group has displaced farmers, causing many of them to desert their farms, their activities have equally affected the country's production and trade of goods and services. Boko Haram insurgency has similarly affected the movement of goods and services across the country, especially in the North-eastern states, the exportation of cash and food crops, tourism, and entrepreneurial development, all of which have dire consequences for the country's economy. If Boko Haram's terror is allowed to persist, it could plunge the country into a recession that will take years to recover. Thus, this study examined the effect of the Boko Haram insurgency on Nigeria's economy, with a particular focus on how to curb the menace. The paper utilized secondary data sourced from textbooks, journals, newspapers, and the internet. The paper found that Boko Haram terrorist insurgency harm agricultural productivity, trade, investment, entrepreneurial and industrial development in Nigeria. It therefore recommended that Nigerian government should provide adequate necessities of life such as good hospitals, quality education, motorable roads, portable water, and favourable conditions for employment opportunities to the people of Nigeria, as it will help to enhance employment generation and reduce the rate at which people indulge in the act of terrorism. It also recommended that the government should initiate more strategies or programmes of poverty reduction, as it will help reduce drastically the rate at which some Nigerians indulge in acts of terrorism or other activities capable of enthroning insecurity in the country
Boko Haram insurgency: Tactics and evolving operational strategies in Northern Nigeria
(Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 2024-10-29) Chidozie Felix C.; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Aje Oluwatobi; Osimen Goddy U.
Boko Haram, which translates from Hausa to mean ‘Western Education is forbidden,’ has ignominiously attracted negative attention and publicity from many quarters in Nigeria and the international community at large. Indeed, the organisation is arguably one of the significant security concerns confronting the Nigerian State. This has undoubtedly created an atmosphere of fear and terror, especially among Nigerians in the North. Generally, their activities threaten the very fabric of the country’s unity, prosperity, and stability. The paper is a desk study, drawing heavily from secondary sources of data and analysing it using the thematic method. It examines the evolution, operational, and tactical transformation of Boko Haram from a small, localised group into a violent Islamic insurgent group with better coordination and sophistication. Findings show that the strategic and tactical flexibility of the group’s operations is peculiar to all asymmetrical warfare. It, therefore, recommends that the Nigerian government intensify its counter-insurgency war while also exploring the option of expanding the counter-insurgency war beyond the military option to include addressing the socio-economic realities in Northern Nigeria, such as unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy.
Border Security Management and ECOWAS Protocol on Free Movement in West Africa
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 18, No. 1,, 2022) Agbebaku Philip E.; Osimen Goddy U.
Prior to the enactment of the ECOWAS Protocol on free movement, people move from one location to another, there was little or no regards for the artificial borders created by the colonial powers. The vision of the ECOWAS is to create a borderless region where the population will have access to the abundant resources and, able to exploit same through the creation of opportunities under a sustainable environment. Nevertheless, the unrestricted free movement of people in the sub-region resulted to situation of tension among citizens of the receiving country and migrants especially in places where migrants dominate trade and labour. The regimes that are rather weak can become destabilized under such tensions thereby resulting to free flow of criminalities. The challenges of the Protocol have not helped the security landscape of the sub-region even though ECOWAS prides itself as the first region in Africa with the free movement initiative, the Protocol is poorly implemented constituting more security concern than boosting regional trade and economic development. Despite these challenges and threats posed by border insecurity, there is a lack of a common approach in terms of policy formulation, especially from the direction of the government. Therefore, it is on this note the paper seeks to examine these overlapping issues and hold attempts to provide a possible solution in resolving them. Data were obtained using secondary sources and the data were analyzed qualitatively. The paper observed that the prospect of achieving effective border security was truncated due to unrestricted free movement of people and improper implementation of ECOWAS protocol in the sub-region. This uncontrolled and unmanaged border has resulted to infiltration of terrorists/insurgency, loss of government revenue, smuggling or trafficking of illegal goods among others. The paper further revealed that the issue of corruption, poor technological gadgets, and porous nature of the borders among others serve as strong challenge to effective border management in the region. Therefore called for a Paradigm Shift in achieving effective border management to include adequate provision of funds, use of modern technological gadgets, adequate training of security personnel, strengthening of Multinational Joint Task Force among others.