Browsing by Author "Taiwo, O. S."

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    Biosynthesized and natural chitosan-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications
    (Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, 2025) Ahuekwe, E. F.; Akinhanmi, Fadekemi O.; Akinyemi, O D.; Taiwo, O. S.; Popoola, T. S.; George, D. S.; Aladele, A. K.; Azeta, J.; Oniha, M. I.
    Chitin and chitosans, derived from diverse natural sources, are polysaccharides that have numerous uses in the food, biomedicine, water treatment, and pharmaceutical industries. As a result, the USD 6.8 billion chitosan market saw significant expansion in 2019. Their complex biological characteristics and therapeutic potential are methodically examined in this review, which also highlights their noteworthy antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory effects. Even with these praiseworthy qualities, regulatory bodies place restrictions on their recognition as medicinal products. Chitosan is also the best option for creating nanoparticles due to its qualities including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and positive surface charge. The exploration of natural sources highlights extraction strategies and reveals source-specific procedures using a variety of spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. Chitosan-based nanoparticles (ChNPs) are particularly effective in the field of biomedical applications; they work well in tissue engineering, gene therapy, and medication delivery. Their adaptability encompasses a range of aspects, such as the delivery of drugs, antibiotics, polyphenols, vaccines, and gene therapy. A thorough examination of the toxicity and biocompatibility of ChNPs is provided in this review, highlighting the effects of deacetylation degree, structural characteristics, molecular weight, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake. A close examination is given to the factors impeding the application of biomedicine, highlighting the critical need for regulatory frameworks. While chitosan’s symphony of applications reverberates throughout a multitude of biomedical fields, continued research and development endeavors are essential for revolutionizing uses and guaranteeing their prudent integration into a variety of sectors
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    In vivo Evaluation of Plant Extracts against Common Phytopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.)
    (IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2025) Oniha, M. I.; Eni, A. O.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Omonigbehin, E. A.; Adegboye, B. E.; Taiwo, O. S.; Odetunmibi, O.A.; Oyejide, S.O.; Aina, M.O.; Isibor, P. O.; Ahuekwe, E.F.
    Plants possess various efficacious natural products to curtailing various problems associated with man and his environment. Fungi cause significant postharvest losses to global pawpaw (Carica papaya) production, particularly in Africa. Current control methods focus primarily on synthetic fungicides that are hazardous to the environment, while plant-based fungicides are characterised with biofriendly and costeffective potential. In this study, three plant extracts were investigated for their in vivo antifungal property opposed to three phytopathogenic mycoflora isolated from Carica papaya post harvest. Aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, Telfaira occidentalis and Bauhinia monandra leaves were evaluated at aaglomerations of 150 mg/ml and 75 mg/ml for their antifungal properties in papaya fruits for 7 days. In vivo antifungal evaluation revealed that the three plant extracts showed varying degrees of inhibitory activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae. Of the three evaluated plants, B. monandra showed higher antifungal activity during the post-inoculation period. The concentration of 150 mg/ml of aqueous extracts of the plants preserved the fruits and inhibited fungal growth in a range of 3-5 days, while the 75mg/ml concentration of Moringa oleifera, Telfiaria occidentalis and Bauhinia monandria inhibited fungal growth for 3, 2 and 3 days after inoculation, respectively. Significant weight loss was observed in fruits inoculated for both treatments and controls at both concentrations (p-value <0.05). This experimentation has ssubstantiated that the aqueous leaf extracts of M. oleifera, T. occidentalis, and B. monandra possess the potential as natural antifungals for the control and management of fungal diseases