Programme: Business Administration
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Item STRATEGIC STAKEHOLDER ENGAGEMENT ON ORGANISATIONAL PERFORMANCE: A STUDY OF SELECTED NON-GOVERNMENTAL ORGANISATIONS IN SOUTH-WEST, NIGERIA(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) AYANLEYE, OMOTOYOSI GOODNESS; Covenant University, DissertationThe study investigated the relationship between stakeholder involvement and performance of selected non-governmental organisations (NGOs) in South-West Nigeria. The study was driven by funding instability, insufficient stakeholder coordination, inefficient use of resources, and stakeholder dissatisfaction. A quantitative correlational research design was used with 335 staff/volunteers from the selected NGOs in Ogun and Lagos States, who were selected using questionnaires. Descriptive statistics and Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) were used to analyse the data in the present study. The results indicated that the strategic identification, analysis, influence, and engagement of stakeholders had a significant and positive effect on the organisation's performance. Stakeholder analysis contributed to a more effective programme and, in particular, to stakeholder satisfaction. The study found that strategic stakeholder engagement is an essential factor in the performance of NGO workers and could lead to greater sustainability, efficiency, programme impact, and trust in the NGO. It suggests that stakeholder mapping, feedback and inclusive engagement practices need to be improved to boost organisational performance.Item IMPACT OF GREEN INNOVATION ADOPTION AS A COMPETITIVE STRATEGY ON SME PERFORMANCE IN OGUN STATE, NIGERIA(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) OSAYOMWANBO, Jouhua Osakpolor; Covenant University, DissertationSmall and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are the backbone of Nigeria’s economy, contributing significantly to employment and GDP, yet they face mounting environmental pressures, resource constraints, and competitive challenges. This study investigates the impact of green innovation adoption as a competitive strategy on SME performance in Ogun State, Nigeria’s primary industrial hub. The research examines whether green innovation (product, process, marketing, and organizational dimensions) enhances multi-dimensional performance (financial, operational, market, cost efficiency, and growth/sustainability) through the mediating role of competitive strategy (differentiation, cost leadership, focus, and strategic flexibility). A quantitative cross-sectional survey design was adopted, targeting 500 registered SMEs in manufacturing, agro-processing, construction, and selected services across key industrial clusters (Agbara, Sango-Ota, Mowe, Abeokuta). Data were collected using a structured questionnaire with 5-point Likert scales, adapted from validated instruments (Chen et al., 2006; Porter, 1985; Kaplan & Norton, 1996; Elkington, 1997). The sample was drawn through multi-stage sampling (purposive selection of LGAs, stratified by sector, simple random within strata). Analysis was conducted using SPSS 27 for descriptive statistics and SmartPLS 4 for PLS-SEM to test direct effects, mediation, and model fit. Findings indicate that green innovation adoption positively influences SME performance, with competitive strategy partially mediating the relationship. Process and organizational innovations show particularly strong effects on cost efficiency and operational performance, while product and marketing innovations drive market and financial outcomes. In Ogun’s high-pollution, high-cost industrial environment, green adoption strengthens resilience and competitiveness. The study recommends policy interventions (green finance, training, incentives) and cluster-level collaboration to accelerate adoption among Ogun SMEs. These insights contribute localized evidence to the literature and offer practical guidance for sustainable SME development in Nigeria’s industrial heartland.Item EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED EVENT FIRMS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) FADIYA, Boluwatife Oluwatobiloba; Covenant University, DissertationDespite the increased demand for event services, the situation remains challenging for event management companies in Lagos State, Nigeria, as they still struggle with weak strategic planning, suboptimal resource use, lack of brand awareness, and low customer relationship management practices. Though event management has become a major economic activity, literature on how the practices of event management influence sustainable performance together is limited, and most studies are general service-sector studies or studies focused on manufacturing and MSMEs, and not capturing the operational realities that are specific to event management-based services. The gap establishes a limitation for practitioners and policymakers in the sector to make decisions based on available evidence. The study explored the impact of event management practices on sustainable performance of selected event management companies in Lagos State, Nigeria based on this gap. A quantitative, cross sectional survey research design was used. The population of the study were 1451 registered firms and event planners in the event management industry in Lagos State. Sample size was calculated using the Taro Yamane formula at a 5% margin of error, which resulted in a minimal sample size of 314 respondents, but this was increased by 30% to make up for non-response, which returned a sample size of 408 respondents. The sampling method used was a multi stage sampling method which involved stratified sampling, simple random sampling and convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the data from the owners, managers and senior operational staff and 383 valid questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results showed that strategic planning had a significant impact on operational efficiency (β = 0.651 p < 0.001), resource management had a positive impact on adaptability (β = 0.650, p < 0.001), brand development had a positive impact on market visibility (β = 0.682, p < 0.001), relationship management had a positive impact on customer retention (β = 0.721, p < 0.001). < 0.001). The joint model accounted for 64.1% of the variance in sustainable performance (R² = 0.641, p < 0.001). The study found that good event management practices are key enablers of sustainable performance and long-term competitiveness of event management firms in Lagos State and recommended that event management firms improve their structured planning system, their resource allocation framework, their deliberate investment in the positioning of their brands and also invest more in their long-term customer relation management in order to improve their sustainable performance and long-term competitiveness.Item SOCIAL MEDIA ADOPTION AND BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY: A STUDY OF BORN-GLOBAL FASHION FIRMS IN NIGERIA(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) SANYAOLU, Florence Ayomide; Covenant University, DissertationNigerian born-global fashion firms increasingly rely on social media to reach international markets, yet many still struggle to convert high engagement into measurable, sustained business outcomes. Existing studies have largely examined social media's effect on business performance as a single outcome in developed-market contexts, leaving its relationship with business sustainability underexplored in emerging-market contexts. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of social media adoption on business sustainability among born-global fashion enterprises in the Lagos-Ogun State Nigeria. Social media adoption was assessed across four dimensions: Engagement and Community Building, Market Responsiveness and Agility, Influencer Leverage, and Platform Usage Intensity, while business sustainability was measured across Economic, Social, Environmental, and Operational dimensions, anchored on the Triple Bottom Line framework and Dynamic Capabilities Theory. A quantitative survey design was adopted, with structured questionnaires administered to 383 respondents drawn from born-global fashion entrepreneurs, designers, and social media managers in Lagos and Ogun States, and data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4. Findings revealed that all four social media adoption dimensions had a significant positive influence on business sustainability (p < 0.001), with Engagement and Community Building explaining between 22.2% and 33.2% of the variance across the four sustainability dimensions. The study concludes that strategic social media adoption is a foundational driver of long-term business sustainability for born-global fashion enterprises in Nigeria, with engagement quality and influencer accountability generating the greatest sustainability returns.Item SOCIAL MEDIA ADOPTION AND BUSINESS SUSTAINABILITY: A STUDY OF BORN-GLOBAL FASHION FIRMS IN NIGERIA(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) Sanyaolu, Florence Ayomide; Covenant University, DissertationNigerian born-global fashion firms increasingly rely on social media to reach international markets, yet many still struggle to convert high engagement into measurable, sustained business outcomes. Existing studies have largely examined social media's effect on business performance as a single outcome in developed-market contexts, leaving its relationship with business sustainability underexplored in emerging-market contexts. This study, therefore, investigated the influence of social media adoption on business sustainability among born-global fashion enterprises in the Lagos-Ogun State Nigeria. Social media adoption was assessed across four dimensions: Engagement and Community Building, Market Responsiveness and Agility, Influencer Leverage, and Platform Usage Intensity, while business sustainability was measured across Economic, Social, Environmental, and Operational dimensions, anchored on the Triple Bottom Line framework and Dynamic Capabilities Theory. A quantitative survey design was adopted, with structured questionnaires administered to 383 respondents drawn from born-global fashion entrepreneurs, designers, and social media managers in Lagos and Ogun States, and data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4. Findings revealed that all four social media adoption dimensions had a significant positive influence on business sustainability (p < 0.001), with Engagement and Community Building explaining between 22.2% and 33.2% of the variance across the four sustainability dimensions. The study concludes that strategic social media adoption is a foundational driver of long-term business sustainability for born-global fashion enterprises in Nigeria, with engagement quality and influencer accountability generating the greatest sustainability returns.Item DIGITAL STRATEGIES AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT IN OPAY, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) OLABODE, Oluwakemi Deborah; Covenant University, DissertationThis study examined digital strategies and corporate performance, with particular attention to the moderating role of the regulatory environment in OPay, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by the growing importance of fintech firms in Nigeria's digital financial services ecosystem and the need to understand whether digital strategy investments translate into measurable corporate performance under changing regulatory conditions. The independent variable was digital strategies, measured through digital infrastructure investment, process digitalisation, customer experience innovation, and data analytics capability. The dependent variable was corporate performance, measured through financial performance, operational efficiency, customer growth, and market performance, while the regulatory environment was treated as the moderating variable. The study adopted a quantitative research design and used a structured questionnaire to obtain primary data from employees of OPay in Lagos State. A population size of 100 respondents was used because the population was small and manageable; 80 valid responses were obtained and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The measurement model confirmed strong reliability and convergent validity, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.853 to 0.952 and composite reliability values above the accepted threshold of 0.70. The findings revealed that digital infrastructure investment, process digitalisation, customer experience innovation, and data analytics capability each had significant positive effects on corporate performance. The full moderation model explained 74.6% of the variance in corporate performance. However, the interaction effect of the regulatory environment was negative and significant, indicating that while regulation provides legitimacy and structure, excessive compliance pressure may weaken the performance returns of digital strategies. The study concluded that digital strategies improve corporate performance in fintech firms, but their effectiveness depends on the quality, clarity, and proportionality of the regulatory environment. It recommended stronger digital infrastructure, deeper analytics capability, customer-centred innovation, process automation, and compliance-by-design practices for fintech organisations.Item EFFECTS OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEES’ RETENTION IN NESTLÉ NIGERIA PLC(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) KING, David Olamide; Covenant University, DissertationThis study investigated the effects of Green Human Resource Management (Green HRM) practices on employee retention in Nestlé Nigeria Plc. Five Green HRM dimensions were examined as independent variables: Green Talent Attraction (GTA), Green Training and Development (GTD), Green Economic Empowerment (GEE), Green Psychological Empowerment (GPE), and Green Leadership (GL). Employee retention was operationalised through four dimensions: Employee Engagement (EE), Employee Performance (EP), Job Satisfaction (JS), and Turnover Intention (TI). Grounded in Social Exchange Theory (Blau, 1964; Cropanzano & Mitchell, 2005) and the Ability-Motivation-Opportunity framework (Appelbaum et al., 2000), the study adopted a positivist, cross-sectional survey design. A structured five-point Likert scale questionnaire was administered to a stratified random sample of 350 permanent employees from Nestlé Nigeria’s Agbara and Flowergate facilities, yielding a 97.2% response rate. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4. The measurement model demonstrated adequate reliability and convergent validity across all constructs, and the structural model showed strong explanatory and predictive power. All five null hypotheses were rejected, confirming that each Green HRM dimension exerts a statistically significant effect on employee retention. Green Leadership emerged as the strongest predictor of employee retention outcomes, particularly Job Satisfaction. At the same time, Green Psychological Empowerment showed the greatest explanatory power for Employee Engagement, and Green Training and Development also demonstrated a particularly robust and stable effect. All structural paths to Turnover Intention were negative, consistent with theoretical expectations. The study concludes that Green HRM constitutes a strategically significant retention architecture for Nigerian manufacturing organisations, with implications for HR policy and management practice.Item EFFECTS OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) NWACHUKWU, Samuel Chinedu; Covenant University, DissertationThis study examined the effects of Green Human Resource Management practices on employees’ performance in selected manufacturing firms in Lagos, Nigeria, focusing on Chi Limited and Seven Up Bottling Company. The research was motivated by increasing environmental sustainability demands and the need for manufacturing firms to integrate green practices into core human resource systems. The study specifically investigated how green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management and reward systems, and employee involvement in environmental initiatives influence task performance, work efficiency and productivity, job quality and work output, and environmentally responsible work behaviour. Adopting a positivist philosophy and a quantitative descriptive and explanatory survey design, primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to employees of the selected firms. A total of 285 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 247 were returned and found usable, representing an 86.7 percent response rate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to test the formulated hypotheses. The results indicated that Green Human Resource Management practices collectively explained 58.4 percent of the variance in employees’ performance. Individually, green recruitment significantly predicted task performance with a beta value of 0.41, green training significantly influenced work efficiency and productivity with a beta value of 0.46, green performance management significantly affected job quality and work output with a beta value of 0.38, while employee involvement significantly predicted environmentally responsible work behaviour with a beta value of 0.52. The findings demonstrate that Green Human Resource Management practices are strategic drivers of employee performance within manufacturing firms. The study concludes that embedding environmental sustainability into recruitment, training, appraisal, and participatory systems enhances both operational effectiveness and environmentally responsible behaviour. It recommends institutionalising structured green HR policies to improve productivity, work quality, and long term organisational sustainability.Item IMPACT OF ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE PRACTICES ON THE SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF TIER-1 NIGERIAN COMMERCIAL BANKS(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) FAVOUR, Chioma Okonkwo; Covenant University, DissertationEnvironmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) practices have emerged as determinants of organisational sustainability within the banking sector. However, its adoption and implementation among Tier-1 Nigerian commercial banks remain uneven. Consequently, this study examined the impact of Environmental, Social, and Governance practices on the sustainable performance of Tier-1 Nigerian commercial banks. The study was guided by three specific objectives: to assess the effect of environmental practices on sustainable performance, evaluate the role of social practices in enhancing sustainable performance, and investigate the contribution of governance practices to sustainability outcomes. The research adopted a quantitative explanatory approach using secondary data obtained from the annual reports, sustainability reports, and published financial statements of selected Tier-1 Nigerian commercial banks between 2010 and 2024. Environmental practices were measured through indicators such as green banking initiatives, renewable energy adoption, etc; social practices were assessed through corporate social responsibility activities and employee welfare initiatives; while governance practices were evaluated using board independence, gender diversity, etc. Sustainable performance was measured using both financial indicators and non-financial indicators. Findings revealed that social initiatives received greater attention than environmental and governance dimensions. The study further established that balanced integration of all three ESG dimensions produces superior sustainability outcomes compared to isolated implementation of individual components. The study concludes that ESG practices constitute a strategic mechanism for achieving sustainable performance within the Nigerian banking sector. It recommends stronger regulatory enforcement and increased investment in environmental initiatives. The study contributes to the growing body of literature on ESG in emerging markets.Item INFLUENCE OF REMOTE WORK POLICIES ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN SELECTED TECHNOLOGY-DRIVEN ORGANIZATIONS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) UMEH, Ugochukwu David; Covenant University, DissertationThis study examined the influence of remote work policies on employee engagement in selected technology-driven organizations in Lagos State, Nigeria. The increasing adoption of remote and hybrid work arrangements has transformed traditional workplace structures, creating a need to understand how organizational remote work policies affect employee engagement outcomes. Specifically, the study investigated the effects of flexible work arrangements, digital communication support, remote performance management, and employee support policies on employee engagement.The study adopted a quantitative research design and utilized a structured questionnaire to collect data from employees working in selected technology-driven organizations in Lagos State. Data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) through SmartPLS to examine the relationships between the study variables. Remote work policies served as the independent variable, while employee engagement, measured through affective, behavioral, and cognitive dimensions, served as the dependent variable.The findings revealed that remote work policies significantly influence employee engagement. Flexible work arrangements, effective digital communication support, remote performance management practices, and employee support policies were found to contribute positively to employees’ emotional attachment, behavioral involvement, and cognitive commitment to their work and organizations. The study concludes that wellstructured remote work policies are critical for enhancing employee engagement and sustaining organizational performance in technology-driven organizations.The study recommends that organizations strengthen remote work frameworks by promoting flexibility, improving digital communication systems, implementing effective virtual performance management practices, and enhancing employee support initiatives to foster higher levels of engagement.