Programme: Applied Biology
Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://itsupport.cu.edu.ng:4000/handle/123456789/28776
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Item Biosynthesized and natural chitosan-based nanoparticles for biomedical applications(Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, 2025) Ahuekwe, E. F.; Akinhanmi, Fadekemi O.; Akinyemi, O D.; Taiwo, O. S.; Popoola, T. S.; George, D. S.; Aladele, A. K.; Azeta, J.; Oniha, M. I.Chitin and chitosans, derived from diverse natural sources, are polysaccharides that have numerous uses in the food, biomedicine, water treatment, and pharmaceutical industries. As a result, the USD 6.8 billion chitosan market saw significant expansion in 2019. Their complex biological characteristics and therapeutic potential are methodically examined in this review, which also highlights their noteworthy antibacterial, antioxidant, and antiinflammatory effects. Even with these praiseworthy qualities, regulatory bodies place restrictions on their recognition as medicinal products. Chitosan is also the best option for creating nanoparticles due to its qualities including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and positive surface charge. The exploration of natural sources highlights extraction strategies and reveals source-specific procedures using a variety of spectroscopic and microscopy techniques. Chitosan-based nanoparticles (ChNPs) are particularly effective in the field of biomedical applications; they work well in tissue engineering, gene therapy, and medication delivery. Their adaptability encompasses a range of aspects, such as the delivery of drugs, antibiotics, polyphenols, vaccines, and gene therapy. A thorough examination of the toxicity and biocompatibility of ChNPs is provided in this review, highlighting the effects of deacetylation degree, structural characteristics, molecular weight, cytotoxicity, and cellular uptake. A close examination is given to the factors impeding the application of biomedicine, highlighting the critical need for regulatory frameworks. While chitosan’s symphony of applications reverberates throughout a multitude of biomedical fields, continued research and development endeavors are essential for revolutionizing uses and guaranteeing their prudent integration into a variety of sectorsItem Relevance of Nanotechnology in Agriculture(WILEY Online Library, 2024-10) Adetutu, Bello Oluwakemi; Buba, Adamu Binta; Akinhanmi, Fadekemi O.; Gana, Mordecai; Utazi, Ezugwu Basil; Oyewole, Oluwafemi Adebayo; Adetunji, Charles Oluwaseun; Eniola, K. I. T.; Yerima, Mohammed BelloNanotechnology is becoming recognized as a potent instrument capable of transforming the agricultural sector, as nanomaterials designed within the 1–100 nm scale exhibit distinctive characteristics that have the potential to augment diverse facets of food cultivation. The chapter presents various applications, such as the utilization of nanoparticle seed coatings to enhance germination and plant health, the development of nanosized smart delivery systems for precise nutrient and pesticide release, the implementation of nanocomposite greenhouse materials to augment productivity, the utilization of nanotechnology for water treatment and conservation, and the application of nanotech in food processing and storage solutions. The benefits of utilizing nanoparticles in various applications can be exemplified by specific instances such as the use of silicon nanoparticles for pesticide delivery, nanobiosensors for quality monitoring, and magnetic nanoparticles for soil remediation. Nevertheless, the potential health and environmental hazards linked to nanoparticles are also a subject of discussion, underscoring the imperative for thorough safety evaluation. The chapter presents a persuasive argument regarding the potential of nanotechnology to enhance agricultural practices, augment global production, and enhance food quality and safety in order to address the global food security challenges, provided that it is managed with caution.Item Potential impacts of microplastic ingestion: Oxidative stress level in commercial fish from the Lagos Lagoon, Nigeria(Preprints, 2025) Akinhanmi, Fadekemi O.; Ayanda, Opeyemi I.; Dedeke, Gabriel A.The presence of microplastics (MPs) in aquatic systems and the tissues of commercially available fish species poses risks and potential impacts on human health. While MPs have been reported in the surface water, benthic sediment, and edible fish species in the Lagos Lagoon, the possible effects of these contaminants on fish species have been lacking. This study aimed at providing vital information on MP contamination in the Lagos lagoon and highlighting the probable effects on the visceral organs of four fish species, Tilapia (Orechromis niloticus, n=16), Silver catfish (Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus, n=16), African knifefish (Gymnarchus niloticus, n=16) and African catfish (Clarias gariepinus, n=16). Gill, stomach, and liver of the sample specimen were examined for MP contamination and oxidative stress. MP accumulation in all the fish species differed but was detected in all tissues. The most abundant MP type was fibers (64%), followed by fragments (24%). Polyethylene, polychloroprene, polypropylene, and polystyrene were detected by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Oxidative stress analysis of the fish tissues revealed significantly high antioxidant activities (p ≤ 0.05) and lipid peroxidation levels in the microplastic-contaminated tissues. Although this study highlights the possible effects of microplastics on wild fish species, extensive research is necessary to elucidate the cause-effect relationship of environmentally relevant microplastics on fish tissues to conduct as well as report associated risk assessmentsItem Marine Greens as Nutritious Healthy Foods(2025) Akinhanmi, Fadekemi O.; Aworunse, Oluwadurotimi S.; Ayanda, Opeyemi I.; Agiriga, EmmanuelItem Microbial Nano-remediation of Microplastics: A review(S. Afr. J. Chem, 2024) Akinhanmi, Fadekemi O.; Ayanda, Opeyemi I.; Dedeke, Gabriel A.Microplastics’ ubiquity in all environmental matrices worldwide, coupled with poor plastic waste management practices, calls for serious health and environmental attention. Microplastics are persistent and slow-degrading contaminants with a high potential to fragment as well as adsorb other contaminants. Along with macroplastic waste reduction methods such as incineration, recycling, landfilling, pyrolysis, and bioremediation approaches novel methods to remove microplastics from the environment are necessary. The multidisciplinary and progressive area of science, nanotechnology, has the potential for diverse applications with engineered nanomaterials that have superior properties over micro-particles because of their size and surface area ratio. The integration of microbial remediation and nanotechnology holds great promise for the nano-remediation of persistent environmental microplastics. Here, we review plastic-degrading microbes (Bacillus sp., Diplococcus sp., Klebsiella sp., Moraxella sp., Streptococcus sp., Staphylococcus sp., Micrococcus, Pseudomonas, Aspergillus sp), microbial synthesis of nanoparticles (Zinc oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, magnesium oxide, titanium oxide and others), and nanoparticle synthesis with plastic-degrading microbes. This article also discusses the mechanism of microbial nano-remediation and microbial interactions with nanomaterials. The advantages, limitations, and prospects of microbial nano-remediation of microplastics are discussed. This review suggests the use of metagenomics to further identify a wider range of organisms for bioremediation of microplastics, while also proposing the use of artificial intelligence for the construction of immobilized microbial nano-enzyme composites for degrading microplastics faster