Programme: Policy and Strategic Studies

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A Threat to Sustainable HealthCare Services? Examining the Effect of Structural Violence on the Policy Outcomes of Lagos State Health Insurance Scheme among Enrolled Junior Officers in the Lagos State Ministry of Works and Infrastructure
(Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 2024) Dele-Dada, Moyosoluwa; Gberevbie, Daniel; Olu-Owolabi, Fadeke; Atobatele, Abolaji
In Nigeria, citizens face challenges accessing quality healthcare despite the National Health Insurance Scheme. Decentralizing the scheme's implementation to states, including Lagos, aimed at universal health coverage, has not effectively addressed disparities. The implementation of the Lagos State Health Insurance Scheme seems to perpetuate structural violence, reflected in increased expenses, discrimination, substandard services, and preferential treatment. Furthermore, the sustainability of the scheme remains questionable due to these systemic issues. Therefore, this study explores the effect of structural violence on policy outcomes of the Lagos State Health Insurance Scheme among enrolled junior officers in the Lagos State Ministry of Works and Infrastructure, using primary and secondary sources of data. Findings show unintended consequences emanating from the implementation of the policy such as dissatisfaction, provider shifts, non-adherence to treatment plans, increased compensation claims, and erosion of trust among users. From these findings, the study, therefore, recommends insurance broadening coverage, addressing medical conditions comprehensively, and implementing incentive programs for quality healthcare delivery, standards adherence, patient satisfaction and long-term sustainability within the scheme.
An Unnecessary War of Fame: The East and West NATO’s Enlargement Strategies and the Geopolitics of Russo- Ukrainian Conflict
(International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 9, Issue 4, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Ade-Ibijola Aderemi Opeyemi
Russian invasion of Ukraine is one of the most critical geopolitical crises the world leaders are facing currently. And is being seen as one of the most serious test of European security in the recent time, and its presents a serious challenge as to understanding of President Putin‟s geopolitical intentions while, these grievances included the long-simmering dispute over the expansion of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) and the legitimacy of Ukrainian identity as well as their statehood. It reflected a worldview Putin had long expressed, emphasizing the deep-seated unity among the Eastern Slavs-Russians and Ukrainians who they both trace their origins to the medieval KyivanRus commonwealth-and suggesting that the modern states of Russia and Ukraine should share a common political destiny now and in the future. Owing to that view is the claim that distinct Ukrainian identity is the product of foreign manipulation mostly, by Russia‟s acclaimed imperial rivals; using Ukraine as part of an “anti-Russia project. Consequently, the paper revealed that NATO is not only Russia‟s problem but, Russia‟s ambitions to extend beyond preventing Ukrainian NATO membership and encompass a more detailed aspiration to dominate Ukraine politically, militarily, and economically triggered the current conflict in Ukraine. The paper further revealed that Russia is almost certain to flop in its bid to establish lasting control over its neighbors owing to external factors, mostly the West and the nonconformist nature of Ukraine government. Therefore, concludes that if Russia must feel fully secure with regard to Ukraine, Ukraine must be territorially truncated or geopolitically neutralized by Russia. Then, if neutralization is not feasible as a strategy, Russia must renewed stability, though, this option would largely depend either on the West agreeing in renewed Russian control of Ukraine, or on Russia accepting the loss of Ukraine. It is most likely that a non-cooperative result will emerge at the end of the day, in which Russia may limit its military activity, but will continue to ensure that Ukraine cannot do what is desired to achieve or join Europe-west- NATO world.
Armed Banditry and Mass School Abductions in Northern Nigeria: Implications for National Security
(Canadian Social Science Vol. 18, No. 4, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; Daudu Basil Osayin
Security threats in Nigeria, due to activities of armed bandits/extremist such as kidnapping school children for ransom is one of the major prevalent insecurity issues that threaten to collapse government structures in the country. Nigeria is currently groaning under the yoke of the jihadist/Islamic movement, secessionist’s movement and all manners of criminalities. The recent spate of abductions and mass kidnapping of school children represents one of the existential threats to the future of education in northern Nigeria. The problems have provoked serious concerns across the nation, has called for urgent and holistic resolution. It has continued to be precarious, volatile and highly unpredictable, therefore creating untold fear on the people in the region; exacerbate the close down of many schools, food crisis situation, sexual molestation/slavery, and increasing wave of Internally Displaced Persons. Government’s response to the challenges has generally been ineffectual, uncoordinated and poorly executed. This paper, therefore, examines the mainstream of armed banditry, hostage taking/kidnapping in northern schools and their security threats to Nigeria. This paper anchored on “Failed state theory” and data were sourced through secondary means and analyzed qualitatively. The paper revealed that lack of education, mass illiteracy and lack of employment opportunities are among the root causes of the criminalities, banditry, and terrorism in northern Nigeria. Hence, government cannot be passive about this security challenge. It is obviously clear that government has failed in her duty to provide basic needs and has also failed to defend and protect her people. Therefore, government should address the root causes of insecurity in the northern Nigeria including overhauling the security architecture system among other policies geared towards eliminating structural imbalance in the region.
ASSESSMENT OF THE USE OF IMPROVISED EXPLOSIVE DEVICES BY NON-MILITARY ACTORS AND NATIONAL SECURITY CHALLENGES IN SOUTHEAST NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) PETER, Mark Jatau; Covenant University Dissertation
Improvised Explosive Devices (IEDs) have emerged as a defining feature of guerrilla warfare, increasingly weaponised by non-military actors (NMAs) across Nigeria’s conflict landscape. While considerable scholarly attention has focused on Northeastern Nigeria, the deployment of IEDs by criminal and secessionist groups in Southeast (SE) Nigeria remains under-examined despite its growing strategic, humanitarian and political implications. This study explores the use of IEDs by NMAs in SE Nigeria, focusing on their operational patterns, proliferation networks and implications for national security. Drawing on asymmetric warfare theory and the human security paradigm, the research adopts a qualitative, exploratory design to interrogate the evolving tactics, techniques and procedures (TTPs) of IED use, the challenges facing Nigeria’s Counter-IED (CIED) architecture and the regional vulnerabilities exacerbated by porous borders. Findings reveal that NMAs exploit transnational IED precursor supply chains, digital platforms, border insecurity and local ingenuity to sustain low-cost, high-impact explosive violence. This violence disrupts military operations at strategic, operational, and tactical levels, while also devastating civilian lives and infrastructure, eroding economic activities and precipitating forced displacement and trauma. The study also highlights the fragmented coordination among security agencies, weak indigenous defence innovation and limited community intelligence networks as significant gaps in Nigeria’s CIED strategy. This research makes a unique contribution by shifting analytical focus to the SE, identifying the convergence between historical marginalisation, tactical adaptation by NMAs and institutional inertia. Policy recommendations include the development of an indigenous CIED doctrine, enhanced interagency collaboration, strengthened border governance and community-based early warning systems. These findings contribute to scholarly and policy discourses on terrorism, national security and hybrid warfare in underexplored landscapes of the Global South, with broader implications for counterterrorism approaches in similarly affected regions. The study concluded that with the elimination of IEDs as a means of guerrilla warfare, innocent lives would be saved and properties preserved in Nigeria.
Boko Haram insurgency: Tactics and evolving operational strategies in Northern Nigeria
(Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 2024-10-29) Chidozie Felix C.; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Aje Oluwatobi; Osimen Goddy U.
Boko Haram, which translates from Hausa to mean ‘Western Education is forbidden,’ has ignominiously attracted negative attention and publicity from many quarters in Nigeria and the international community at large. Indeed, the organisation is arguably one of the significant security concerns confronting the Nigerian State. This has undoubtedly created an atmosphere of fear and terror, especially among Nigerians in the North. Generally, their activities threaten the very fabric of the country’s unity, prosperity, and stability. The paper is a desk study, drawing heavily from secondary sources of data and analysing it using the thematic method. It examines the evolution, operational, and tactical transformation of Boko Haram from a small, localised group into a violent Islamic insurgent group with better coordination and sophistication. Findings show that the strategic and tactical flexibility of the group’s operations is peculiar to all asymmetrical warfare. It, therefore, recommends that the Nigerian government intensify its counter-insurgency war while also exploring the option of expanding the counter-insurgency war beyond the military option to include addressing the socio-economic realities in Northern Nigeria, such as unemployment, poverty, and illiteracy.
Causes and remedial measures of presenteeism in the post Covid-19 era workplace: Insight from job demands-resources theory
(Masyarakat, Kebudayaan dan Politik Vol. 35, Issue 2, 2022) Abasilim Ugochukwu D.; Adebajo Oluwatumininu O; Gberevbie Daniel E.
Commercialisation Of Public Enterprises In Nigeria: A Study Of The Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (Nnpc)
(Journal of Namibian Studies, 37, 2023) Okeke Ngozi Okwuchukwu; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Udom Adaeze Charlyn
The National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC), has been known for its poor leadership and unprofitability for the past 47 years. This has been attributed to the government’s inability to repair the existing refineries, along with oil theft and pipeline vandalism which continue to hinder the petroleum revenue performance and oblige the country to import most of its refined products. This necessitated the commercialisation of NNPC. This study analysed the provisions of the PIA, which formed the basis for the commercialisation of NNPC. It also examined if the commercialisation of NNPC would boost the Nigerian economy. This study aims to ascertain the preparedness of diverse stakeholders in the country to accept the recent transition of NNPC from being a public entity to a commercialized enterprise. The Liberal and Public Choice theories were adopted. It also adopted a mixed method of data collection and utilized both the explanatory and descriptive survey research design. The findings revealed that the commercialisation policy itself is not a terrible notion, but the issue is more with its implementation. Finally, it recommended that the policy should be judiciously implemented in line with the provisions of the PIA in order to have practical effects on the country's economic independence.
Contribution of Public Private Partnership to Educational Development in Nigeria
(International Journal of Research in Arts and Social Sciences Vol. 11 No.2, 2019-01) Atobatele Abolaji
This study is on the contribution of public private partnership (PPP) to education development in Nigeria. PPP is seen as a panacea to revamping educational sector that is experiencing decline in term of quality everyday due to insensitivity on the part of government to finance education to meeting up the minimum requirement benchmark put forward by the United Nation (UN). Sequel to this backdrop that the study seeks to examine the extent at which PPP has assisted in revamping the educational sector in Nigeria. However, this research adopts qualitative approach to analyze its data, the materials used in this study were garnered from the secondary sources which include Journal publications, internet, books etc. The study found out that Public Private Partnership (PPP) also known as Private Financial Initiative (PFI) has contributed to educational sector greatly. The study therefore recommends that concerted effort should be made by the government and private sectors to providing lasting solution to decline in educational sector of Nigeria.
Curtailing structural violence in Nigeria: the legislature and poverty alleviation in the fourth republic
(The Journal of Legislative Studies, 2024-08-26) Oni Samuel; DELE-DADA MOYOSOLUWA PRISCILIA; Gberevbie Daniel E.
The pivot of the legislature in addressing structural violence in a democratic polity is its responsibility of enacting legislation for good governance, representing citizens’ interests in the public policy formulation process and performing oversight functions for equitable distribution and access to public goods and services. In Nigeria, the elimination of poverty has remained a major focus of every successive government, however, more than half of its populace still live in poverty and continue to battle with challenges emanating from inequality in societal structures. This study applies a systematic literature review to gather data and analyse the legislature’s impact on poverty alleviation in Nigeria’s fourth republic. The study reveals the extent of the capacity of the Nigerian legislative institutions to push for the development of the nation the socio-political dynamic of the country impeding legislative oversight of the implementation of government policies and programmes and the implication of accountable and transparent governance in the country.
Cyberbullying and Social Media
(Combatting Cyberbullying in Digital Media with Artificial Intelligence, 2023) Daudu Basil Osayin; Osimen Goddy U.; Shuaibu Kennedy
Through the use of Internet, the world has become a global village, connecting diverse people, cultures, and countries together. Technology has made remarkable and transformative changes in human lives and societies, boosting the economies of nations. However, some people have taken advantage of this to perpetuate cybercrimes, and one of such cybercrimes is cyberbullying (online abuse), which manifests itself in various forms such as pranking, impersonation, hacking, fake news, among others. The negative impacts of cyberbullying on African digital space and Africa at large are disheartening, and the possibility of dealing with this monstrous online crime in Africa has not yielded much positive results due to insufficient technological infrastructures, personnel, and knowledge. Cyberbullies use social media to enhance their nefarious activities, reaching out to their gullible victims with ease. As such, our lead questions are as follows: How is cyberbullying perpetuated in African digital space? What impact does cyberbullying have on Afrocentric society? How best can cyberbullying be dealt with in African digital space? In this chapter, we critically examine cyberbullying and social media in light of African digital space, the communication means adopted by cyberbullies and their implications for African digital space and Africa at large. We, therefore, argue for artificial intelligence knowledge production and application as a potential solution to combating cyberbullying in African digital space
Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and Political Corruption in Nigeria (2007 - 2015)
(International Journal of Academic Multidisciplinary Research Vol. 6 Issue 10, 2022-10) Osuchukwu, Nkechi Cynthia; Nwumeh, Uchenna Juliana; Okonkwo, Juliet Ogonna; Ezebuilo Paul Chibuike
Corruption today is still a deadly disease in Nigeria, as it is responsible for the collapse of social, economic and political sectors in Nigerian, as many Nigerians are yet to be free from it. Prior to this problem, the study assesses Economic and Financial Crimes Commission and Political Corruption in Nigeria from 2007 to 2015. The study adopted Structural-Functional theory as it was further developed by Gabriel Almond and Powell in 1966. Qualitative descriptive method of data analysis was adopted. Secondary sources of data collection were adopted. The study finds out that, corruption is multifaceted in Nigeria which has created a lot of negative impact and has hindered development process in the country. The study therefore, recommends amongst others that EFCC and other anti-corruption agencies should be empowered and granted absolute autonomy to handle cases relating to economic and political corruption i.e. EFCC should be given a free hand in the discharge of its duties by not interfering in its duties, there should also be comprehensive administrative reform and good governance, including public accountability, to guarantee that people are held accountable for their actions as a deterrent to corrupt activities, among other things.
EVALUATION OF THE ELECTORAL PROCESS OF THE 2015 GOVERNORSHIP ELECTION IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
(Journal of Public Administration and Management, 2020) Kalu, Tony; Gberevbie, Daniel E.
Democracy has gained universal acceptance and periodic eledion is one of basic feature of democracy. Since the advent of the Fourth Republic in 1999, several elections have been conducted at both national, state local government levels. However, the 2015 general elections served as turning points to the entire electoral process in Nigeria due to the higher acceptance of their outcomes and peaceful transition recorded. The paper evaluates electoral process of the 2015 gubernatorial election in Lagos State. The study adopted the historical method by using relevant journal articles, newspaper~ magazines and reports of eledoral bodies and agencies obtained from the internet. The study was anchored on the Procedural Theory of Democracy. The Content analysis method was used to gather from the data obtained, issues related to the eledoral process. The units of analysis include intra-party politics/candidates selection, campaign~ voting process and voters' behaviour, declaration of results and matters arising as well as performance of INEC Findings show that there was little intra-party democracy in the seledion of flag bearers among the two leading parties. Furthermore, the paper found that candidates engage in different kinds of political campaigns such as media tour~ rallies, and social media posts. The study recommends that political parties should condud proper primary elections and that INEC should improve its performances in future eledions by recruiting and training qualified personnel for proper electoral conduct in order to advance democracy for development in Nigeria.
Herder-Farmer Conflicts: The Politicization of Violence and Evolving Security Measures in Nigeria
(AFRICAN SECURITY 9 Routledge (Taylor & Francis Group), 2021-03-20) Nwozor Agaptus; Olanrewaju John Shola; Oshewolo Segun; Oladoyin Anthony Mayowa; Adedire Solomon; Okidu Onjefu
This paper illuminates the interconnections between the Nigerian government’s failure to satisfactorily address the everrising violence linked to herder-farmer conflicts and the emergence of vigilante security measures at the geo-regional level. It also examines the overall implications of vigilante security measures vis-à-vis security challenges in Nigeria. The paper finds that the predisposition to, and adoption of vigilante security strategies is indicative of the failure of formal security apparatuses to live up to their constitutional mandates. The paper recommends preventive and inclusive policing as well as strict adherence to the tenets of justice in line with the rule of law.
Impact of Voter Education on Curbing Electoral Violence in Nigeria
(African Renaissance (1744-2532), 2025, Vol 22,, 2025) MOLIKI, Ahmed Olawale;; Atobatele, Abolaji; Chukwudi, Celestina; AYOMOLA, Olurant; Dele-Dada, Moyosouwa
Preventing violence prevalent in democratic elections globally has remained a concern to world governments, election observation groups, electoral management bodies, civil society organisations, and academia. This is because a peaceful electoral process strengthens democracy, enhances election credibility, and boosts the legitimacy of the elected government. Voter education (VE) provides the potential voters with basic information about the significance and time of voting, the location of voting centres, how to exercise their voting rights, and measures put in place to secure votes, voters, electoral observers, party agents, and electoral officials, etc. in the bid to achieve a credible and peaceful election. However, despite several current legal and institutional safeguards, violence has been anathema to Nigeria's electoral trajectory from the start of the Fourth Republic. This study assessed the impact of voter education as a practical method for reducing violence in Nigeria's post-2019 elections, where mixed methods of data were adopted. Also, simple random and purposive sampling techniques were employed to harvest data from 389 respondents. The study was analysed using ordinal regression analysis. The study found that information dissemination impacted the reduction of the electoral violence significantly, while problem identification and communitybased processes did not impact the electoral violence significantly.
Impacts of Cyber Crimes on the Image of Nigeria in the International Community: A Case of the Perceptions of Ghanaians
(Journal of African Films & Diaspora StudiesVol. 7, No. 4, 2024-12-01) Apeloko O. D.; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Atobatele Abolaji; Chiamaka Chidiebere Sussan
The study examined cybercrime and the image of Nigeria in the international community, especially the perception of Ghanaians. Cybercrime is becoming rampant in the language of scholars and agencies in the international community, and this can affect the image of Nigeria and other international communities. The objective of this study is to determine the impact of cyber terrorism on the perception of Ghanaians on Nigeria’s image, investigate the impact of cyberbullying on the perception of Ghanaians on Nigeria’s image, and examine the impact of spam on the perception of Ghanaians on Nigeria’s image. This research is necessary because of the realisation that if Nigeria does not pay attention to the growth of cybercriminal activities in the country, its image in the international community can be affected in areas of socio-economic relations, such as trading. The time frame for this research is from 2019 to 2022. The research design adopted for this research is inferential. The data obtained were analysed through theordinal regression in which the data analed were reflected in the research objectives. The findings of this study show that there is fairly a significant impact between cybercrime and the image of Nigeria. The study suggests that the government should work on tackling the challenges faced by law enforcement agencies to combat cybercrime and create an enabling environment for the business to thrive, as this will discourage most Nigerians from committing cybercrimes.
Inclusive or Exclusive Democracy? Interrogating Structural Violence in Elections in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
(Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 2024) Dele-Dada, Moyosoluwa; Gberevbie, Daniel E.; Olu-Owolab, Fadeke
Election is primate to democracy to the extent that it serves as a benchmark for evaluating a country's democratic quality. The recognition, acceptance and respect of the right to vote and be voted for is thus highly fundamental in a democratic system. However, the electoral sphere in Nigeria, since the country's return to democracy in 1999, has been marred by systemic issues that amount to structural violence. This includes gross violations of political rights, the marginalization of women and youths, and widespread manipulations and inconsistencies. These troubling aspects not only hinder the democratic process but also perpetuate inequalities and injustices within the system. With the overall objective of interrogating structural violence in Nigeria’s electoral system, this study adopted a qualitative approach using secondary data sources and thematic analysis. Findings of this study revealed the structural limitations and inequalities prevalent in the country’s elections. Since Nigeria’s return to democracy, structural violence has taken different forms and has had significant implications for the country’s electoral system. This study concludes that structural violence in the electoral process is detrimental to the country's democratic quality, social cohesion, and long-term stability.
Inclusive or Exclusive Democracy? Interrogating Structural Violence in Elections in Nigeria’s Fourth Republic
(Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences, 2024) Dele-Dada, Moyosoluwa; Gberevbie, Daniel; Olu-Owolabi, Fadeke
Election is primate to democracy to the extent that it serves as a benchmark for evaluating a country's democratic quality. The recognition, acceptance and respect of the right to vote and be voted for is thus highly fundamental in a democratic system. However, the electoral sphere in Nigeria, since the country's return to democracy in 1999, has been marred by systemic issues that amount to structural violence. This includes gross violations of political rights, the marginalization of women and youths, and widespread manipulations and inconsistencies. These troubling aspects not only hinder the democratic process but also perpetuate inequalities and injustices within the system. With the overall objective of interrogating structural violence in Nigeria’s electoral system, this study adopted a qualitative approach using secondary data sources and thematic analysis. Findings of this study revealed the structural limitations and inequalities prevalent in the country’s elections. Since Nigeria’s return to democracy, structural violence has taken different forms and has had significant implications for the country’s electoral system. This study concludes that structural violence in the electoral process is detrimental to the country's democratic quality, social cohesion, and long-term stability.
Information Communication Technology and Employees’ Job Satisfaction: A Critical Interrogation
(African RenaissanceVol. 2022, No. si1 (Adonis & Abbey Publishers), 2022-04) Akinlade Mojisola E.; Gberevbie Daniel E.
Scholars and practitioners of personnel management have in recent times become interested in the factors that enhance job satisfaction in organisations. This is born out of the fact that an employee’s satisfaction with their job is significant to the success of any organisation. Job satisfaction is critical to an employee’s motivation, performance, and organisational productivity. A crucial factor for global influence in the last two decades is the information revolution. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) has altered the spheres of life and organisations across the world. Studies have shown that ICTs can enhance administrative efficiency and operational performance of organisations, high productivity. However, regardless of this widespread great relevance of ICT, there is still limited knowledge about the impacts that it has on employees and job satisfaction. Study results indicate that ICT positively impacts job satisfaction, but when directly or indirectly misused, job dissatisfaction sets in. With this, ICT implication for job satisfaction requires further investigation. This study, therefore, aims at interrogating the impacts of ICT on job satisfaction. Data obtained from relevant journals, books, internet resources, seminars and conference papers were systematically reviewed and analysed.
LEADERSHIP DEVELOPMENT AS THE KEY ANCHOR FOR POST-COVID-19 PANDEMIC, STATE RESILIENCE AND SUSTENANCE IN AFRICA: A STUDY OF NIGERIAN HEALTH SYSTEM EXPERIENCE AND SUPPORT FOR SDG 3
(Journal of Lifestyle & SDG's Review, 2024-12) Eneanya Augustine Nduka; Bello Moruf Ayodele; Oladoyin Anthony Mayowa; Fasanmade Olopade Olufemi; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina
Objective: The study aimed to interrogate how leadership and state capacities were developed to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and sustain state resilience for future emergencies. Theoretical Framework: The 1977 Institutional Theory of Meyer and Rowan is chosen for the underpinnings of this study. Methodology: The study adopted secondary sources of data collection and analysis. The secondary sources include Journals, books, newspapers, and the Nigeria Centre for Disease and Control. The thematic analysis technique was adopted to elicit concepts, coded into categories. The categories were later pattern-matched to generate themes adopted to answer the research questions. Results: The study showed that leadership and state capacities for resilience can be developed, managed, and sustained for future crises or emergencies. Discussion: Leadership development in the post covid era in states and different governments will undoubtedly contribute to goal 3 (SDG 3) of the 20230 United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) Agenda. This goal 3 emphasised good health and wellbeing. Research Implications: Policymakers will gain more information on policymaking during post-covid in society. Originality/Values: Africa and generally developing countries were worst hit during Covid-19 and should embrace all efforts toward leadership development of post Covid-19.
LOCAL GOVERNANCE AND DYNAMICS OF SOCIAL SERVICE PROVISION IN NIGERIA
(Sapientia Global Journal of Arts, Humanities and Development Studies (SGOJAHDS), Vol.5 No.1, 2023-03) Oladoyin Anthony Mayowa; ONABANJO LEKE KAYODE