Programme: Chemical Engineering

Permanent URI for this collectionhttps://repository.covenantuniversity.edu.ng/handle/123456789/30806

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Industrial- and automotive-used lubricating oils recycling cum acidic sludge treatment
(Springer, 2019) Oladimeji, Temitayo E; Oguntuashe, Kehinde M.; Emetere, Moses E.; Efeovbokhan, Vincent E.; Odunlami, Olayemi A.; Obanla, Oyinlola R.
Increased rise of industries and car usage in Nigeria and urban development is exponentially on the increase giving rise to multiple waste generation. Evaluation of the different recycling processes showed that acid-clay process has the highest environmental risk as well as the lowest cost; hence, this work added a treatment method for the slurry produced after treatment with acid-clay method, thereby reducing the environmental concern caused by acid and acid sludge formed in the process. The acid ratio was varied between 0 and 20% and adsorbent ratio between 15 and 25%. Automotive-used lubricating oil and industrial-used lubricating oil were treated using two different samples, acid and adsorbent. An increase in acid concentration showed a significant difference over the properties of oil such as density, viscosity, flash point, and other physiochemical properties nevertheless increasing the amount of acid over the optimum point made on significant change. Varying of adsorbent ratio showed little significant effect to density and flash point, while yield and viscosity were unaffected. Optimum point being at 10% acid and 25% adsorbent gave optimal result. All metal contaminants are substantially removed; total base number was improved, while increase in flash point suggested the method effectiveness. Treatment of used industrial oil was found to be easier to re-refine due to less contamination.
Preparation and characterization of activated carbon from plantain peel and coconut shell using biological activators
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World, 2019) Efeovbokhan, V. E; Alagbe, E. E.; Odika, B.; Babalola, R.; Oladimeji, Temitayo E; Abatan, Olubunmi G.; Yusuf E. O.
A concern over the toxicity of chemicals used during the activation stage in the preparation of activated carbon is beginning to gain attention. The study therefore looked into the possibility of using bio-activators (lemon juice and potash leached from the peel of unripe plantain) as activating chemicals, for environmentally friendly activated carbon. Coconut shell and the peel from unripe plantain were used as feedstock and pyrolyzed at 400 and 450 0c. An impregnation ratio of 0.25:1 was used while laboratory grade potassium hydroxide was used as a base activating agent as a control setup. Characterization of the activated carbon was carried out using parameters like bulk density and yield which were obtained using standard procedures. Results showed that activating carbon using bio-activators as activating agents had very good characteristics when compared with the control. Bio-activators are therefore recommended for the production of bio based activated carbon especially in the fields of medicine, food and pharmaceuticals. The effect of carbonization temperature on adsorption efficiency and pore structure were investigated using methylene blue as adsorbate and SEM respectively
Air quality investigation over Moundou Chad
(International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Environment, 2019) Emetere, M. E.; Oladimeji, Temitayo E
The air quality over Moundou-Chad was examined using satellite dataset. Fifteen years aerosol optical depth (AOD) was obtained from the Multi-angle Imaging Spectro Radiometer (MISR). The AOD dataset is statisticaly stable for further prediction. The highest AOD mean was observed in 2008. The standard deviation, average deviation and coefficient of variation all agrees that the AOD dataset is reliable. It is shown that the aerosol loading over Moundou is high and the size of the aerosol is very tiny to deposit in the human lungs.
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NON-METALLIC CONTENTS OF SAWDUST OF DIFFERENT WOOD SPECIES AND COAL SPECIES IN NIGERIA
(Petroleum and Coal, 2019) Elehinafe, Francis Boluwaji; Okedere, Oyetunji Babatunde; Odunlami, Olayemi. Abosede; Oladimeji, Temitayo E; Mamudu, Angela Onose; Sonibare, Jacob Ademola
The study assessed the non-metallic contents of sawdust samples by ultimate analysis and compared with those of coal species found in the literature. The results showed that the sawdust of the wood species have: carbon contents ranged from 43.78% for Uapaca heudelotii to 62.95% for Irvingia excels; hydrogen contents ranged from 4.35% for Entada gigas to 7.07% Parkia biglobosa;; sulphur contents ranged from 0.00% for Pterygota macrocarpa to 0.09% Spondias mombin; nitrogen contents ranged between 0.00% for Blighia sapida and 1.70% for Khaya ivorensis, and oxygen contents ranged between 30.08% Macaranga barteri and 50.61% Uapaca heudelotii. It was concluded that utilization of sawdust as energy source has minimal or no environmental concerns, unlike coal.
Influence of Organic Composite Material for Coating Application: A Review
(4th International Conference on Science and Sustainable Development (IOP Conf. Series), 2020) Adejumo O. A.; Fayomi O. S. I.
Composite materials have been used to coat products and substrates in different industries like Aerospace industry, Automobile industry;welding industry etc. The aim of this review is to describe the impacts and the effects of composite materials on coating applications in different industries. The first application mentioned was in the Aeronautic Industry, where powder (a composite material) is used to coat substrates. It has been studied and widely accepted as one of the most environmental friendly, economically beneficial and functional coating material. New types of powder coating are being developed to improve the aesthetic designs of Aeronautic and Automotive industries products. The second application was in the welding industry and its impacts on the electrode tool life was studied. The tool life is improved by 71% when TiC composite is used to coat the electrode.
Building Production Management Practice in the Construction Industry in Nigeria
(Engineering Management in Production and Services Volume 12 • Issue 2, 2020) Osuizugbo, Innocent Chigozie; Ojelabi, Raphael Abiodun
A B S T R A C T Growing demands for building projects result from economic development. The building industry is dynamic and multifaceted. Efficient and effective practice of building production management (BPM) is required to successfully execute projects and achieve project goals upon completion as well as functionality aims for the lifespan of a building. This research aims to determine factors that influence the BPM practice in the Nigerian construction industry, particularly; during the project execution phase. A cross-sectional survey used; a questionnaire to identify 73 factors, which were grouped into 12 categories and assessed. A purposive sampling technique was used to identify 20 construction organisations specialising in building production management in Lagos, Nigeria. 114 questionnaires were distributed to the pool of stakeholders, which included 31 clients, 34 consultants and 49 contractors of current and past building production projects carried out by the selected firms in Lagos. The research used a selection of statistical tools for SPSS v.23, including the chi-square test, the Kruskal-Wallis test and Kendall’s coefficient of concordance. The obtained result revealed the factors that mostly influence the BPM practice namely, architectural drawings, the construction programme document, the work breakdown structure, the adequacy of communication and coordination between the parties, the adequacy of raw materials and equipment, the availability of the competent team, the implementation of the safety management system, regular maintenance of project equipment, clear and timely inspections, the availability of funds as planned throughout the project duration, the availability of skilled personnel, and the aesthetics of the completed work. The research resulted in the development of the BPM implementation framework and recommendations for the improvement of the BPM practice in Nigeria.
Corrosion mitigating techniques and the mechanisms: Comment
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (IOP Publishing), 2021) Ayodeji A. I.; Fayomi O.S.I.; Babaremu K. O.; Abioye P. O.; Agboola O.; Daniyan A. A.
A lasting solution is required to curb the corrosion attack because of the very destructive effect it has on engineering materials. Corrosion is a material degrading phenomenon that reduces the significant properties of metallic materials, making them less useful. This paper has been able to highlight the very suitable methods or techniques that help to mitigate the effect of corrosion on metals and other helpful engineering materials. Some of these methods are electrodeposition and protective coatings like organic coatings, inorganic coatings, and metallic coatings.
Performance of mixed matrix nanofiltration membranes in wastewater treatment: A review
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (IOP Publishing), 2021) Agboola O.; Fayomi O.S.I.; Oni B.A.; Ayeni A.O.; Sadiku E.R.; Popoola A.P.I.; Moropeng I.; Adegbola S.T.; Daramola D.
Water covered close to 70% of the Earth’s surface; however, it is a struggle to access 3% of it as freshwater, suitable for human intake. The shortage of water has become a global issue due to climate change, pollution and the demand of growing freshwater. The fabrication of high performance and antifouling nanofiltration membranes are of utmost importance as a result of their capability of treating contaminated water and to also regulate the quality of freshwater. However, there is need for improvement in the fabrication of membrane using different nanofillers to produce mixed matrix membranes (MMMs). Mixed matrix nanofiltration membranes with nanofillers were reviewed for different applications
A Simplified Design for Biodiesel Production
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (IOP Publishing), 2021) Ayoola A. A.; Alagbe E. E.; Agboola O.; Ayeni O. A.; Adeyemi G. A.; Nnabuko D.; Makinwa
A review on the sustainable energy generation from the pyrolysis of coconut biomass
(Scientific African (Elsevier), 2021) Azeta Osarhiemhen; Ayeni A. O.; Agboola O.; Elehinafe Francis B.
he negative impacts of the extraction and exploration of fossil fuel on the environment and its depletion that has led to environmental degradation have encouraged researchers, stakeholders, and the government to explore alternative and renewable energy sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Biomass pyrolysis has proven to be a viable energy conversion process over the last decade due to its low carbon footprint on the environment. Pyrolytic products that are bio-char, bio-oil, and bio-gas have several applications and contribute to our society’s industrial, commercial, and economic growth. This paper reviews the different types of pyrolytic processes using coconut biomass as a feedstock while focusing on the biomass properties that make it useful for pyrolysis and the factors affecting the process.
Role of Biomaterials in Automation
(International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Environment (IOP Publishing), 2021) Fayomi O. S. I.; Adedeji A. A.; Agboola O.; Ajala M. O.; Bolu C. A.; Banjo S. O.; Udoye N. E.
Technology in its real sense is in an advanced state to an extent that automation is the present-day mode of operating machinery and equipment. This technique of operating or controlling a process using a highly automatic means via electronic devices thereby reducing the human interface to a minimum, if not rather than eliminating it completely. Transformation of the global workforce has already begun through automation with innovations of robotics, artificial intelligence remote connectivity, additive manufacturing and medical innovations employing the automated means of delivering or administering drugs and performing surgery on patients. In the present day, various forms of automation are increasingly taking over the place of human thereby, putting a threat to supplant it. The role of biomaterials in automation is the main objective in this discuss. The study revealed that metals play a major role in biomaterials due to its excellent thermal conductivity and mechanical properties.
CONTROL OF FOSSIL FUEL GAS OPERATING CONDITIONS ON THE PERFORMANCE OF CARBON DIOXIDE CAPTURE PROCESS
(2021) Letsholo I.; Moropeng M. L.; Mavhungu A.; Agboola O.; Fayomi O. S. I.; Moropeng R. C.
Modelling and simulation of the volume flow of NH3, K2CO3 and for the Carbon dioxide absorption from coal
(2021) Nkhwashu M. I.; Moropeng M. L.; Agboola O.; Mavhungu A.,; Moropeng R. C.; Fayomi O. S. I.
Utilization of Bioresources: Towards Biomass Valorization for Biofuels
(Bioresource Utilization and Management, 2021) Sanni Samuel Eshorame; Agboola Oluranti; Moses Emetere; Okoro Emeka; Adefila Sam Sunday; Sadiku Rotimi; Alaba Peter
Biomass valorization has recently gained wide attention owing to the vast availability of wastes from which essential oils can be extracted, processed, and subsequently converted to energy utilities and value-added products by taking advantage of the free fatty acid contents of the parent bio-oils. The waste materials undergo a conversion process to give the prospective fuels. The two major final products of the conversion process are bioethanol and biodiesel. Recent findings have also indicated the usefulness of these products as intermediate products/raw materials for end products such as simple sugars or biolubes; this goes further to emphasize the huge potential in these substrates (agricultural wastes) when used as raw materials. In 252recent times, hydrogen from biomass is being sought as a means of energy to power cars, and this also brings to bear the need to underscore how far efforts have been made to introduce bioethanol-driven cars. Fossil fuels, besides being nonbiodegradable relative to bio-oils, are gradually being depleted, with no measures put in place for their replacement. This then suggests the need to look beyond the current situation for viable alternatives. This chapter provides background information on biofuels, their production processes, and their physicochemical characterization, application, and sustainability, since the world is like a vicious circle that currently tilts in the direction of "engineering for a sustainable world". Furthermore, the chapter unveils some gray areas of research that still remain untapped, thus opening up doors for revenue generation.
Empirical assessment of ammonia and urea concentrations in wastewater from a pharmaceutical plant: A case study
(International Conference on Energy and Sustainable Environment (IOP Conf. Series), 2021) Sanni S E.; Odigure J. O.; Agboola O.; Emetere M. E.; Okoro E. E.; Audu C.
In several ways, urea is one of the most prominent sources of fixed nitrogen due to its relative abundance in waste water treatment plants. In this study, the wastewater effluent from X-Chemical Industries was considered for hazard analysis in order to ascertain the water quality and impact at the outfall effluent of company X relative to environmental standards. The study period is for December, 2013 – February 2014. Based on the results, it was observed that at the company’s sluice gate, the desorber (primary treatment unit) did not perform optimally. Also, the variation of the parameters measured i.e. urea concentration, pH and ammonia concentrations exceeded the standards established by the World Bank, International Finance Corporation (IFC) and the National Environmental Standards and Regulations Enforcement Agency (NESREA), i.e. against the specified standard of 100 ppm, higher concentrations include December 3, 9, 11, 12, 19, 20, 21, 24, 25, 27, 28 and 29 with corresponding urea concentrations of 1457, 1970.4, 122.7, 163.2, 150.3, 171.4, 148.76, 270.78, 178, 123, 101.33 and 250.43 ppm respectively, whereas that of ammonia is higher than 5 ppm on December 3, 21, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28 and 29 with corresponding concentrations of 8.4, 9.69, 8.13, 9.45, 12.5, 6.98, 22.95 and 9.95 respectively, whereas, it was lowest on other days. It was also observed that the treated waste water advancing the creek (jetty) close to the plant, will have environmental consequences on marine lives such as marine micro-flora as well as fishes.
Data on the effect of Ibruprofen drug derivative on 430T1 stainless steel in acid solutions
(International Conference on Engineering for Sustainable World (IOP Publishing), 2021) Sanni O.; Fayomi O. S. I.; Popoola A. P. I.; Agboola O.
Production of activated carbon from sawdust and its efficiency in the treatment of sewage water
(Heliyon, 2021) Oladimeji, Temitayo E; Odunoye, Babatunde O.; Elehinafe, Francis. B; Obanla,, Oyinlola, R.; Odunlami, Olayemi, A.
When water is contaminated and rendered unfit for drinking, it is regarded as waste, which leads to water pollution. Several works have been done to control water pollution, yet this topic is still a point of concern up to date. The study involves the production of activated carbon (AC) using sawdust to treat sewage water obtained from Covenant University. The following conditions were investigated; activation time and temperature, acti vating agent concentration, and impregnation time. The AC was characterized by measuring ash content, iodine value, moisture, and volatile matter content. The optimum activated carbon prepared in this study had iodine of 1628.95 mg/gm, while the minimum activated carbon had an iodine of 470.41 mg/gm. According to standard procedure, the sewage water sample was characterized physio-chemically before and after treatment using activated carbon as an adsorbent. The results obtained indicated considerable improvement in the quality of the water. When optimum activated carbon was used for treatment, pH value changed from 7.7 to 7.10, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) was reduced from 288 mg/l to 20 mg/l and Total dissolved solids (TDS) reduced from 183.7 mg/l to 16.4 mg/l, Total suspended solids (TSS) reduced 232 mg/l to 15.7 mg/l. When minimum activated carbon was used for treatment, pH value changed from 7.7 to 7.60, BOD was reduced from 288 mg/l to 112.2 mg/ l, and TDS reduced from 232 mg/l to 174 mg/l, TSS reduced 183.7 mg/l to 103 mg/l. The results obtained led to the conclusion that the produced activated carbon effectively treats the above-stated water quality parameters.
Emissions of CO and SO2 from solvent extraction treatment of used lubricant
(4th International Conference on Science and Sustainable Development, 2021) Oladimeji, Temitayo E.; Sonibare, Jacob A.; Omoleye, James A.; Emetere, Moses, E.; Odunlami, Olayemi, A.
Emissions fromused lubricant could have adverse effect on man and its environment due to the presence of degraded additives and contaminants. Different treatment methodshas been developed with few check on its pollution aspect. This study investigated the emissions of two major criteria pollutants - carbon monoxide (CO) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) from the solvent extraction treatment of used lubricant. CO was found to be the highest emitting pollutant with mean emission concentration of 85.85 mg/m3 which has exceeded the set NAQS standard while SO2 falls within the standard limit. Therefore,there is a great need to give attention to the control of CO emissions around the treatment plant. However, CO emission can be controlled by employing a CO converter to convert the poisonous gas to a less poisonous gas or substituting the existing process in solvent extraction with a more environmentally friendly one.
Demulsification of a Nigerian crude emulsion using ethoxylated-resoles and their xylene modified blends
(International Conference on Recent Trends in Applied Research, 2021) Efeovbokhan, Vincent E.; Chibuzor, Chukwuebuka C.; Babalola, Rasheed; Abatan, Olubunmi G; Oladimeji, Temitayo E
Demulsification is a method used to reduce or disrupt the water - crude oil emulsion system without uttering the initial composition of the crude oil. This process is done by the introduction of chemicals called demulsifiers, which break the emulsion into aqueous and organic phases. In this study, the demulsifier formulated was the base-catalyzed phenol formaldehyde resin known as the resoles, with the ratios of phenol to formaldehyde, varied between 1.0:1.2 and 1.0:2.0. The different samples of resoles where then ethoxylated to make them more hydrophilic using different weights (10, 15 & 20 g) of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Screening of the ethoxylated demulsifiers was done using the established bottle test procedure, at 70 °C, the concentration of 50 ppm, and 20 minutes of residence or separation time, in order to select the most effective demulsifier, based on the amount of water removed from the emulsion. The best chemical-demulsifier produced was the ethoxylated resole, which was then blended with xylene at varying percentages (0, 20, 40, 50, and 80 % weight/weight) and was further screened, using the bottle test method. From the analysis, it was obtained that the most effective ethoxylate-xylene demulsifier blend was sample DR3, and made of formaldehyde to phenol ratio of 1.8:1, 20 g of PEG 400 blended with 20 % xylene. The demulsifier gave a water separation efficiency of 85.7 %, compared with the commercial demulsifier, which yielded 72.7 %. The result indicates the practical significance of solvent modified demulsifiers for separating crude oil emulsions in the petroleum industries.
Data on the corrosion Inhibition Property of Rosemary on High Carbon Steel in dilute sulphuric acid, citric acid and sodium chloride solution
(Chemical Data Collections (Chemical Data Collections ), 2021) Odunlami, Olayemi; Loto, R. T.; Fajobi, Michael Ayobami; Olomukoro, O. T.; Akande, I. G.; Oke, M. A.; Oladimeji, Temitayo E
The data of electrochemical analysis of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) essential oil effect on high carbon steel (HCS) in three different corrosive environment of sodium chloride, sul- phuric acid and citric acid solution was achieved via weight loss method. Results revealed that Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) organic compound performed excellent well on high carbon steel samples with the optimum inhibition value occurring in NaCl solution with 97.87% after 504 h. The corrosion rate values were significantly high at 0 ml RO organic com- pound for all the three (3) corrosive environments as the time of immersion moves down to 504 h. It was clearly observed that time of immersion and concentrations of RO are the main determinant factor for the excellent adsorption performance of RO organic compound within the range of 504 h. Also, Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) organic compound retarded the severe corrosion rate of high carbon steel samples in other corrosive solutions with aver- age range inhibition values between 40 and 78% after 504 h.