Programme: International Relations
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Item Youth Restiveness and Sustainable Rural Development in Ukanafun L.G.A-Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria, 2015 – 2020.(University of Nigeria Journal of Political Economy Volume 13, Number 2, 2023) Ezebuilo Paul ChibuikeThe youths in every community are strong force to reckon with towards achieving meaningful rural development, if only when their strengths are been controlled, harnessed and properly utilized. Therefore, this paper assesses the effects of Youth Restiveness on Sustainable Rural Development in Akwa Ibom State, with a focus on Ukanafun L.G.A. Social Strain and Frustration theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. This paper adopted descriptive survey research design. Primary and secondary sources of data collection were employed. This paper targeted the entire population of Ukanafun L.G.A. thus; purposive random sampling technique was applied while, 300 respondents were targeted as the sample size while 260 returned questionnaires were used for the data analysis. The data collected were presented on Logical Data Framework (LDF) and analyzed using quantitative method of statistical analysis of frequency table, mean and chi-square parametric test. The paper finds out that; bad governance/leadership, unemployment, poverty/hunger, peer group pressure/influence, marginalization etc. are the major causes of youth restiveness thus, leading to the serious escalation of various social vices such as kidnapping, cultism, armed robbery, killing/assassination, dehumanization, issuing of life threatening letters; sexual harassment/rape; destruction/burning of private/public properties etc. in Ukanafun L.G.A., Akwa Ibom state. The paper recommended that; there is need for job creation, skill acquisition centers and youth empowerment programme; inclusion of positive peace education and building in education curriculum, making policy for youth enlightenment, counseling; granting of amnesty etc.Item Causes and Implications of Religious Conflicts in Nigeria’s Political System(International Journal of Finance and Management in Practice, Vol. 5, No. 1, 2017-06) Uwadi, M. E.; Ezebuilo Paul Chibuike; Nwaonu, K. CThe aim of this work is to identify the causes and implications of religious conflicts in Nigeria’s political system as well as proffer strategies to avoid future occurrence. This study adopts the survey research design. The population of the study comprises all Christians and Moslems living in Zaria, Kaduna State in Nigeria. Personal observations and questionnaire were the major means of data collection. Out of the 65 copies of questionnaire engaged in the study, only 56 copies were retrieved and used for the analysis. To achieve the aim of the study, two research hypotheses were formulated. While data collected for the study were presented on tables and responses taking the form of a five point likert scale, the hypotheses were tested using one way analysis of variance. Major findings of the study reveal that the causes of religious conflicts in Nigeria include failure to move with change, conflicting doctrines, methods of conversion, utterances of religious leaders, and clothing of political objectives with religion, among others. The implications of religious conflict as reveal by the study include creation of mistrust among federating units, low productivity, job insecurity, migration, over population. Based on the foregoing, it is proposed that the issue of religious conflicting doctrines should be addressed by religious bodies who should meet on regular bases. Also, government should respond quickly to curtail conflicts and should not ignore any act that might cause conflictItem Effect of Inflation Rates on The Financial Performance and Sustainability of Public Healthcare Companies in Nigeria(Journal of Policy and Development Studies Vol. 18 Issue 2, 2025-03-30) Ofuonye, Joseph Ndubuisi; Emeka-Nwokeji N. A.; Ezebuilo Paul ChibuikeThis study investigates how inflation affects public healthcare companies’ financial performance and sustainability in Nigeria and suggests measures to make them more resilient in an inflationary climate. A quantitative research design was adopted. Data for the corporate performance were extracted from the annual accounts of the sampled firms. In contrast, the data for independent variables were extracted from the Central Bank of Nigerian Statistical Bulletin from 2012 to 2022. The Cost-push inflation theory was adopted. The Pearson Moment of correlation and regression analysis coefficient was employed to test the hypotheses. The result revealed specifically that the inflation rate has an adverse insignificant effect on financial performance. In contrast, the exchange rate and money supply have negative and positive statistical significance on healthcare firms' economic performance in Nigeria. However, the overall result showed that macroeconomics significantly affects the financial performance of public healthcare firms in Nigeria, indicating that inflation rate conditions substantially decrease and increase the effect on the performance of firms in Nigeria. Based on the findings, the study concluded that the inflation rate was not significant and therefore recommended that the government ensure that inflation has a pleasing effect on the public healthcare organisation’s operations and outcomes, as preventing inflation positively affects individuals, agencies and the country’s financial system. The findings of this study will enlighten policymakers, healthcare providers, and stakeholders about the sector’s specific issues and offer evidence-based recommendations to alleviate the detrimental impacts of inflation.Item Independent National Electoral Commission and Administration of the 2021 Gubernatorial Election in Anambra State, Nigeria(Journal of Policy and Development Studies (JPDS) Vol. 18 Issue 1, 2025-03-10) Odogwu Mmaduka Obinna; Obiora Charles Arinze; Ezebuilo Paul ChibuikeThis study evaluates INEC's involvement in Anambra State's 2021 gubernatorial election administration. Liberal Democratic Theory was suitably embraced and used to provide in-depth knowledge of the research. The study utilised descriptive survey research design. The study population was centered in Anambra state. Thus, Slovin’s sample size determination was used to obtain 400 respondents. A proportional stratified random sampling technique was used. Primary data collections were based on a structured questionnaire and interview using a 5-point Likert scale. In contrast, the secondary method was based on textbooks, journals, newspapers, INEC reports, and online materials. Logical Data Framework (LDF) was employed to analyse the variables and indicators. All the data collected were presented in frequency distribution table and was analysed quantitatively using simple percentage, weighted Mean (X) and Chi-square (X²) test analysis. The study revealed that institutional weakness, insecurity, and poor logistics, among others, were the factors that affected and challenged INEC’s performance in administering the 2021 gubernatorial election in Anambra State. The INEC administration of the 2021 gubernatorial election in Anambra State was not satisfactory, as the institution still fell short of delivering a controversy-free and fair election in the state as a result of not taking care and control of their institutional deficiencies that keep reoccurring in every election. Based on the findings, this study recommends that there is a need for restructuring INEC as an electoral institution; the institution should always ensure the provision of adequate logistics and security during elections, among other measures, to improve their performance in the future election administration in NigeriaItem Impacts of Pre-Retirement Training on the Welfare Condition of Retirees in Selected Federal Teaching Hospitals in South-Western Nigeria(Pak. j. life soc. Sci. 22(2) (2024), 2024) BELLO Moruf Ayodele; IGBOKWE Philomena Ify; SHIYANBADE BolanleWaliu; Ezebuilo Paul ChibuikeThis program focuses on the well-being of aspiring Nigerian public service retirees whose lives have been positively influenced by the training that the Federal Government has introduced. This research addressed the impacts of pre-retirement training on the welfare condition of retirees and the intending retirees of selected Federal Teaching Hospitals in Nigeria. Human Capital Theory was adopted as the theoretical framework of analysis. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design. Primary and secondary data sources were utilised to gather the required information for the study. The population of the study was based on 1,684 respondents. The study adopted a quantitative method of data analysis using a frequency distribution table, straightforward percentages, and chi-square. This study finds out the need to start pre-retirement training early. Therefore, retirement from active civil service is an absolute necessity for all public officers whether they are ready or not, i.e., it is a period that every employee must undoubtedly pass through. The potential retirees' apathy was frequently caused by government inconsistencies in the program's organisation; therefore, the government must take retirees' motivation and encouragement very carefully. Retirees should constantly subject themselves to immediate consultation of a medical professional or counsellor when feeling depressed; they should be open to doing business in their area of interest that fits their lifestyle after retirement. This study unveils the benefits of pre-retirement training on retirees' welfare and aims at policies that would promote/support this training for health workers in Nigeria.Item JUNGLE JUSTICE AND RULE OF LAW IN NIGERIA: THE IMPLICATIONS ON ACHIEVING SOCIETAL STABILITY AND SDG-16(Journal of Lifestyle & SDG's Review Vol. 5, 2024) Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Ezebuilo Paul Chibuike; Owa Owa Egbara; Ofuonye Joseph NdubuisiObjectives: This study explores the effect of jungle justice on the rule of law and its implications for achieving societal stability and SDG-16. Theoretical Framework: Systems theory was adopted for the underpinnings of this study. Method: Qualitative descriptive research design method, i.e. secondary data collection, was sourced via textbooks, magazines, journals, official reports, newspapers, and internet materials. Content analysis and Logical Data Framework were adopted to analyse the themes and critical indicators empirically. Result and Discussion: The study finds out that jungle justice has neglected the rule of law, creating tension and instability in society and limiting the effort towards achieving SDG-16. The study concludes that the high level of crime, injustice and insecurity has birthed the neglect of the rule of law in Nigeria. This study recommends implementing anti-jungle justice policies to revalidate the values of the rule of law towards fostering SDG-16 to achieve a stable society, public education, reorientation and enlightenment, good governance and systemic reform. Research Implications: This study's policy implications are embedded in the fact that policymakers will be more guided on the best strategies to adhere to and sustain the rule of law for sustainable societal stability.Item Electoral Violence and the Ethnic Question in Nigeria: Analysis of the 2023 Elections(Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA), 12 (2), 2024) Chineyemba Lydia Isioma; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Ezebuilo Paul ChibuikeViolence has become a serious threat, birthing crime, insecurity, and ethnic hatred that threaten national unity. While violence has remained an obstacle to the peaceful conduct of elections, it assumed a disturbing dimension in Lagos during the 2023 elections, where ethnicity was weaponized to polarise the nation. Whereas studies on electoral violence abound in literature, the desperation and impunity that trailed the 2023 elections and the tribal hatred it generated are dimensions of electoral violence requiring investigation. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the violence that characterized the 2023 elections in Lagos State. It examined the ethnic bigotry that triggered the violence and its implications for peaceful coexistence and national unity. A qualitative data collection method uses secondary data from books, journals, newspapers, and magazines. Content analysis is chosen for better analysis of the study. Employing race and ethnicity and relative deprivation theories, the study found that ethnic violence was a scheme deviously politicized to instigate electoral violence in the bid to retain political power. Findings from the study showed that the violence threatened peaceful coexistence and the sense of brotherhood among Nigerians. It recommended stringent sanctions for the perpetrators of violence and the parties they represent. Policymakers will benefit from this study as it will provide the information needed for policymaking on handling electoral and non-electoral violence.Item Violent Contestation of Power and Political Turbulence in Sudan: A Reflective Assessment of Generals Burhan and Hemedti Simmering Feud(Journal of Somali Studies : Research on Somalia and the Greater Horn of African CountriesVol. 11, No. 3, 2024-12) Okafor Celestine Ogechukwu; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Ngoka Ruth Obioma; Elumelu Chiazor Simeon; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Ezebuilo Paul ChibuikeThis study explores the complex power dynamics and political volatility that have defined Sudan's history by examining the simmering feud between Generals Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and Hamdan Dagalo Hemedti. Thus, the study also reveals the fundamental structural elements causing political instability in Sudan's landscape that threaten the national democratic transition. The study relied on content analysis and a documentary approach; data were collected through secondary sources, and Marxist conflict theory was employed. The paper argued that the feud is a struggle for power exercise in the state and a quest to control the security architecture. Findings reveal that owing to the violent contest for power and persistent political turbulence in Sudan, the country's transition to democratic governance appears to be a mirage since diverse armed groups have resisted giving up their respective groups' interests for the national interest. The paper recommends that negotiations and dialogue are primarily needed to protect Sudan's territorial integrity and save it from state failure and disintegration. The policy implication of this study is that the study outcome provides a current and informative addition to our knowledge of power struggles and political upheaval in Africa by examining the ramifications of this dispute for achieving positive peace in regional and global affairs.Item Security Challenges and The Role of Opposition Political Parties in Democratic Consolidation in Nigeria(Pakistan Journal of Life and Social Sciences 23(1), 2025) Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Osimen Goddy U.; Ezebuilo Paul Chibuike; OLADIPO Temidayo DavidInsurgency and insecurity have remained the outcome of the relationship between the ruling and the opposition party in Nigeria. The situation has kept the attention of government diverted to fighting insurgency and insecurity in the society thereby losing focus on the primary task of administration. It also examines the role of opposition parties in creating an atmosphere of insecurity in society and the fight against it. Most times, the efforts of the government in fighting insecurity are met with corruption among members thereby being part of the government's weakness. The study's conclusions were reached through the application of qualitative research techniques and the utilisation of secondary material from internet sources as well as books, journals, and newspapers. The analysis framework for this paper is based on Estonian System Theory. Research has revealed that opposition political parties can employ a variety of tactics to undermine the ruling party and force it from office, having initially served as watchdogs. The opposition party believes that every attempt to remove the ruling party draws them closer to victory. It is therefore concluded that opposition parties have become part of insurgency and insecurity in the state to weaken the ruling government, and drum for their yet-to-come government. The study recommends that the opposition party with the spirit of nation-building should join hands with the leading party in providing security and fighting insurgency for their interest and the general interest of society. The leading party must protect its members and the opposition.