Programme: International Relations
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Item The 2023 Presidential Elections in Nigeria: Voting Patterns, Controversies and Recommendations(Editura Academica Brancusi, 2025) Bello, Wasiu Olaide; Gberevbie, Daniel E.; Ogbemudia, Peter Michael; Chukwudi, Celestina Ekene; Ojo, Samuel Oluwasegun; Ezebuilo, Paul ChibuikeDemocracy is largely dependent on elections. Democracy might become less valuable and appealing without regular polls. Nevertheless, several factors, including technological anomalies, same-faith tickets, the aftermath of the End SARS pandemic, and the marginalisation of ethnic minorities, influenced the recently concluded 2023presidential and national assembly elections. These factors also gave rise to several political prophecies and ecclesiastical innuendos, ethnic tension, a heightened level of ethnic politics, mutual suspicions among Nigerians, and mistrust of the political process. This paper's primary focus is on examining the numerous nuances that impacted the results of the 2023 presidential and national assembly elections. In addition to other reliable secondary sources such as books, journals, magazines, national dailies, and articles, the paper used a content analysis approach. When suitable, statistical data can also serve as empirical evidence. Our findings indicate that the winner-take-all scenario, fiscal centralization, and financial incentives tied to political positions are the primary reasons why most of the observed complexities are detrimental to free, fair, credible, and transparent elections in Nigeria. The report suggests that the impartial Electoral Commission (INEC) carry out a public and impartial assessment of its success in organizing credible and fair general elections in 2023 and expedite the development of a strong electoral process through technological advancements.Item Identifying the Key Challenges Faced by the Energy Commission of Nigeria in the Implementation of the Contributory Pension Policy(Transnational Press London, 2025) Gberevbie, Daniel E.; Undah, Aliyu HannatuThe Contributory Pension Scheme (CPS) in Nigeria has undergone significant changes since its introduction in 2004, with a major revision in 2014. The scheme mandates employers to contribute 10% and employees to contribute 8% of their monthly remuneration into Retirement Savings Accounts managed by licensed Pension Fund Administrators. Despite its aim to secure financial futures, the scheme faces challenges, particularly within the Energy Commission of Nigeria (ECN). A study examining the CPS at ECN from 2014 to 2024 identified issues with policy enforcement, administrative compliance, and payment delays. The findings emphasize the need for policy reforms to address these challenges, ensuring improved efficiency, financial security for retirees, and enhanced employee confidence in the system. Respondents suggested increasing lump sum payouts to 75%, boosting awareness, and streamlining administrative processes to ensure a reliable pension system. The Pension Reform Act 2014, which repealed the 2004 Act, provides a framework for the governance and regulation of the contributory pension scheme in Nigeria. It addresses issues such as pensions for political office holders and professors, and provides incentives for increasing coverage of the scheme. However, more needs to be done to address the challenges faced by the staff of ECN and ensure a smooth implementation of the CPS.Item Enhancing Social Protection Through Contribuition Pension Policy Reforms in Nigeria: A Step Towards Achieving SDGs 1 (NO POVERTY)(SCIENTIFIC CULTURE, 2025) Gberevbie, Daniel E.; Undah, Aliyu Hannatu