College of Engineering

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    CORROSION INHIBITION BEHAVIOUR OF CALF THYMUS GLAND DNA ON MILD STEEL IN SULPHAMIC ACID
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) Ekere Isaac E.; Covenant University Thesis
    Inorganic acid cleaners based on sulphamic acid are frequently employed in industrial equipment cleaning, descaling and acidizing. This application of sulphamic acid in industrial cleaning is not entirely without its drawback as the cleaning action usually leads to dissolution and loss of base metals. The addition of corrosion inhibitors is one of the industrial practices employed to minimize equipment corrosion damage. The purpose of this work was to assess the viability of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), extracted from calf thymus gland, as an inhibitor for mild steel corrosion in sulphamic acid medium, and in comparison, with salmon Fish DNA and INDION 5489, a commercial inhibitor. The inhibition process was investigated using weight loss, potentiodynamic polarisation, SEM/EDX and FTIR measurements. Response surface method (RSM) and artificial neural network (ANN) were employed to determine the optimum corrosion inhibition conditions. The weight loss measurements obtained the highest inhibition efficiency of 82.71% at 303 K and immersion time of 6 h by addition of 2.5 mg/L of calf thymus DNA, CTGDNA. The corrosion rate was also observed to decrease with an increase in inhibitor concentration. Potentiodynamic polarisation curves showed a shift in Ecorr < 85 mV an indication that CTGDNA is a mixed inhibitor, suppressing both cathodic and anodic reactions. An RSM generated polynomial model obtained an optimum efficiency of 72% at 303 K, 5.5 mg/L after 2.12 h immersion. Estimation by ANN, with minimal errors, and a higher R2 of 0.983 in comparison to 0.925 for RSM were close to the experimental inhibition efficiency. CTGDNA adsorption on mild steel modelled the Langmuir isotherm with a linear regression coefficient of 0.99. The increase in the activation energy from 37.54 kJ/mol to 52.5 kJ/mol after 2 h immersion; with a similar trend for 4 and 6 h demonstrated that addition of CTGDNA favoured physioisorption. The small and negative value of entropy was an indication that the adsorption of CTGDNA was spontaneous. FTIR confirmed the presence of protective film formed by CTGDNA inhibitor on the mild steel surface at various concentration. SEM images showed reduction in the degradation of mild steel surface in the uninhibited solution after addition of CTGDNA. The comparative studies obtained a weight loss of 0.0036, 0.0047, 0.0072 and 0.0086 mg in 10% sulphamic acid in the presence of CTGDNA inhibitor, salmon fish DNA, conventional cleaning solution and blank solution of 10% sulphamic acid without an inhibitor, respectively. This confirmed that the CTGDNA inhibitor enhanced the 10% sulphamic acid cleaning solution as a suitable and viable cleaning agent for mild steel in comparison with INDION 5489.
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    Sulphamic Acid Corrosion Inhibition: A review Isaac
    (ASEN Journal of Chemical Engineering Vol. 24 No 2, 2024) Ekere Isaac E.; Agboola O.; Ayeni Augustine O.
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    DEVELOPMENT OF SUSTAINABLE ECO-CONCRETE WITH KENAF FIBRE AND COATED RECYCLED CONCRETE AGGREGATE
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-06) TAIWO-ABDUL DAMILOLA OMOZUAWO; Covenant University Dissertation
    The urgent global demand for sustainable infrastructure has driven innovations in eco-efficient construction materials. This study explores the development of high-performance, sustainable concrete by integrating pozzolanic-treated recycled concrete aggregates (RCA) and kenaf fibre as eco-friendly alternatives to natural coarse aggregates and synthetic reinforcements. The research addresses the inherent limitations of RCA—such as high porosity, residual mortar, and weak interfacial zones—through a surface modification technique involving a blended calcined clay-cement slurry. Simultaneously, kenaf fibre is incorporated to enhance the tensile and flexural properties of the concrete matrix. Concrete mixes were produced with varying RCA replacement levels (30%, 45%, 60%, and 90%) using both untreated and pozzolanic-treated RCA. Comprehensive characterisation, including X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), was employed to assess material and microstructural properties. Mechanical performance was evaluated through compressive, tensile, and flexural strength tests, alongside water absorption and density tests for durability analysis. Statistical optimisation using Response Surface Methodology (RSM) and ANOVA determined the influence of treatment and fibre incorporation on concrete performance. The results indicate that pozzolanic treatment significantly improved RCA concrete properties, with optimal performance observed at 45–60% RCA replacement. Treated mixes achieved a 28-day compressive strength of 36 MPa, a 5.3 MPa split tensile strength, and reduced water absorption to 3%, reflecting improved durability and structural integrity. These enhancements demonstrate the synergy between calcined clay treatment and natural fibre reinforcement. This study substantiates the viability of producing eco-concrete with treated RCA and kenaf fibre, promoting circularity, reducing carbon footprint, and contributing to sustainable development goals. It provides a framework for future applications in structural concrete, aligning with low-carbon construction practices.
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    QUALITY CONTROL ASSESSMENT OF BODY-MAKING PROCESS IN ALUMINIUM BEVERAGE CAN PRODUCTION
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-01) AKEREKAN OPEYEMI ERNEST; Covenant University Dissertation
    This study focused on the analyses of the quality control process of aluminium beverage can production (sleek size – 330 ml) monitored over a period of time, by deploying six key parameters: Bright Can Axial Load, Finished Can Height, Flange Width, Groove Diameter after Reformer, Dome Depth with Reformer, and Finished Can Buckle. These parameters revolve around the standardization and specification of the beverage can for a sustainable food packaging process. The study employed Statgraphics Centurion (version VII) as a statistical tool for analyzing process stability and capability through Statistical Process Control (SPC) techniques. This software generated control charts (X-bar charts) and process capability indices (Cp and Cpk) to evaluate process performance and identify areas requiring improvement. Descriptive statistical measures such as process mean and standard deviation were calculated to support the analysis. The methodology also included thoroughly evaluating production line data, with variations in each quality parameter assessed against defined specification limits. Results indicate that the Bright Can Axial Load has a moderate capability (Cp = 0.82, Cpk = 0.75) with a slightly off-center mean. Also, the Finished Can Height show low capability (Cp = 0.30, Cpk = 0.25), indicating significant variability. Flange Width has moderate capability (Cp = 0.43, Cpk = 0.43), while Groove Diameter after Reformer presents a Cp of 0.60 but a very low Cpk of 0.06, reflecting a misaligned process mean. In addition to this, Dome Depth with Reformer shows moderate capability (Cp = 0.53, Cpk = 0.23), needing better centering. Finished Can Buckle demonstrates the highest capability (Cp = 1.63, Cpk = 0.74) with a slightly off-center mean. The findings imply that aligning process means with specification limits and reducing variability will ensure consistent, high-quality aluminium production. Thus improving the operation process and subsequent improvement in the overall productivity of aluminium beverage cans.
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    ASSESSMENT OF THE UTILISATION OF SUSTAINABLE ENERGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION IN SOUTHERN NIGERIA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-01) OBANOR ENOCH IWINOSA; Covenant University Dissertation
    This study evaluates renewable energy adoption across Ogun, Lagos, Edo, and Delta states using a mixed-methods approach. A bibliometric analysis of 424 research publications (2014–2024) revealed that solar energy was the most studied topic (35%), followed by hydropower (25%) and bioenergy (20%). The analysis identified a 32% increase in renewable energy publications since 2019, with 62% of highly cited papers focusing on policy and deployment strategies. Citation mapping indicated that the top 10 research institutions contributed 47% of all renewable energy studies, highlighting the concentration of expertise in specific regions. Survey data from 387 respondents indicated that 68% lacked reliable electricity access, while 78% relied on traditional biomass or fossil fuels. Among respondents, 62% expressed willingness to adopt solar energy if installation costs were reduced by at least 40%. However, only 23% were aware of existing renewable energy policies, and 54% rated government efforts as inadequate. In terms of energy satisfaction, only 9% of respondents rated their current energy sources as highly adequate, while 36% described them as moderate, and 21% rated them as low. The study further analysed energy availability across Nigerian states. Lagos, Ogun, Edo, and Delta states experience an average of 12–18 hours of electricity outages per day, forcing 74% of households to rely on generators as backup power sources despite Nigeria’s solar radiation potential of 3.5–7.0 kWh/m². Alignment with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 7 and 13 was assessed, revealing that only 19% of publications explicitly addressed energy access and climate change mitigation, while survey results showed that 69% of respondents were unaware of Nigeria’s commitment to SDGs. Projections based on current adoption rates estimate that, if key policy recommendations, energy access in Southern Nigeria could rise from 32% to over 70% by 2035 and fossil fuel dependency could decline by 55%. This research shows that achieving an efficient renewable energy transition requires urgent policy interventions, enhanced financial incentives, and strengthened institutional frameworks.
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    A comprehensive review of biofuel utilization for household cooking in developing countries: Economic and environmental impacts
    (Process Safety and Environmental Protection Volume 191, Port A,, 2024-11) Dirisu joseph 0.; Oyedepo Sunday 0.; Olowole Olukunle C.; Somefun Tobilobo E.; Peter Nkoliko J.; Babatunde Damilola; Nwaokocha Collins N.; Onokwai Anthony 0.; Obano Enoch; Alam Md Mahbub; Kale Sandip A.
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    Utilization of Bioresources: Towards Biomass Valorization for Biofuels
    (Bioresource Utilization and Management, 2021) Sanni Samuel Eshorame; Agboola Oluranti; Moses Emetere; Okoro Emeka; Adefila Sam Sunday; Sadiku Rotimi; Alaba Peter
    Biomass valorization has recently gained wide attention owing to the vast availability of wastes from which essential oils can be extracted, processed, and subsequently converted to energy utilities and value-added products by taking advantage of the free fatty acid contents of the parent bio-oils. The waste materials undergo a conversion process to give the prospective fuels. The two major final products of the conversion process are bioethanol and biodiesel. Recent findings have also indicated the usefulness of these products as intermediate products/raw materials for end products such as simple sugars or biolubes; this goes further to emphasize the huge potential in these substrates (agricultural wastes) when used as raw materials. In 252recent times, hydrogen from biomass is being sought as a means of energy to power cars, and this also brings to bear the need to underscore how far efforts have been made to introduce bioethanol-driven cars. Fossil fuels, besides being nonbiodegradable relative to bio-oils, are gradually being depleted, with no measures put in place for their replacement. This then suggests the need to look beyond the current situation for viable alternatives. This chapter provides background information on biofuels, their production processes, and their physicochemical characterization, application, and sustainability, since the world is like a vicious circle that currently tilts in the direction of "engineering for a sustainable world". Furthermore, the chapter unveils some gray areas of research that still remain untapped, thus opening up doors for revenue generation.
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    Surface effect of environmentally assisted corrosion growth of automotive welded steel performance
    (Materials Proceedings Volume 38, Part 5, 2021-03) Fayomi O. S. I.; Samuel Olusegun David; Mashilo Matsobane; Popoola Abimbola Patricia; Agboola Oluranti; Balasubramanian Dhinesh
    Failure of steel in automobile industries due to environmentally assisted medium in service is alarming. In this study an effort has been made to investigate critically the corrosion induced performances of automotive welded part. The experimental correlation on the effect of corrosive media (NaCl and HCl solutions) on the base metal, heat affected zone (HAZ) and weld metal formed were examined using linear potentiodynamic polarization technique. The hardness, microstructural and phase rationale of the studied joint was evaluated using, diamond base indenter, Scanning electron microscope and x-ray diffractograms respectively. The results revealed that the base metal has no detrimental phase transformation unlike the HAZ and the weld joint region. The hardness value of 185 HV welded joint was obtained compared to 235.95 HV of base region. The corrosion propagation in the 3.5NaCl and 1 M HCl shows that pitting deterioration occurs at the welded position in all case as a result of the shift in grain refinement and micro-straining during welding process.
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    Short review on the prospect of laser cladding for aluminum based alloys composite for automotive industries
    (RESEARCH ARTICLE, 2022-08) Agboola O.; Fayomi O. S. I.; Ayoola A.; Ayeni A. O.; Alagbe E. E.; Sadiku E. R.; Popoola P.
    Laser cladding is a growing technological method that utilizes a navigating high power laser for melting a small region of the substrate; it has a function of trapping and melting entering powder particles. Hence, the process leads to the development of a new stratum. Aluminum alloy Matrix composites afford properties suchlike high wear resistance, high tensile strength, lightweight; this composites is finding wide applications in automotive industry. This review presents a brief discussion on laser cladding for aluminum base alloys for automotive industry with emphasis on aluminum alloys matrix composite for automotive industry.
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    Safety and Environmental Aspects of Cellulose Nanoparticles
    (Cellulose Nanoparticles: Chemistry and Fundamentals, 2021-06-01) Fasiku Victoria Oluwaseun; Agboola Oluranti; Owonubi Shesan John; Revaprasadu Neerish; Sadiku E. R.
    Nanoparticles made from cellulose are increasingly gaining attention in several fields for diverse applications, which can be attributed to their excellent properties. The physical, chemical, and mechanical properties of cellulosic nanomaterials are being studied to investigate their application in areas such as drug delivery, wound dressing, artificial tissues, and others. However, the safety and environmental aspects of cellulose nanoparticles (CNPs) are yet to be fully understood and established. The ambiguity surrounding their environmental health and safety remains a serious concern to the standards community. This chapter, therefore, provides information about the types of cellulose nanoparticles, and their various properties and the characterization techniques employed to provide useful information about their properties. It further proceeds to focus on the safety and environmental issues associated with cellulose nanoparticles and the handling practices which can be implemented to ensure maximum safety. This includes various safety techniques that have been developed as precautionary measures against the release and exposure of cellulose nanoparticles into the environment.