College of Engineering

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Start date: 2025Has files: Yes

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    INVESTIGATION OF POST-WELD HEAT TREATMENT EFFECTS ON SIMILAR AND DISSIMILAR LOW-CARBON AND STAINLESS-STEEL WELDMENTS
    (Covenant University, Ota, 2025-05) FASUYI, AKINBAYONLE AYOMIDE; Covenant University, Thesis
    This study investigated the effect of post-weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the mechanical properties and corrosion behaviour of dissimilar metal (DM) weldments of carbon steel and AISI 304 austenitic stainless steel, as well as similar metal (SM) stainless steel-to-stainless steel weldments. PWHT of the specimens was performed at three temperatures (900⁰C, 1000⁰C, and 1100⁰C), along with an as-welded control. Tensile testing, weight-loss corrosion measurement, corrosion-rate determination, and Vickers microhardness profiling were conducted, and a two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to determine the statistical significance of the effects of material type and treatment temperature. The findings showed that the tensile strength of the two types of welds was similar, at about 240 MPa in the as-welded condition. Following PWHT, SM welds exhibited a significantly greater improvement, with a maximum ultimate tensile strength of 466 MPa at 1000⁰C, compared to 321 MPa in DM welds at the same temperature. ANOVA confirmed highly significant effects of material type, temperature, and their interaction on tensile performance. The corrosion analysis showed that DM welds had much higher weight loss and corrosion rates than SM welds in all conditions, with material type identified as the dominant controlling factor. Raising the PWHT temperature progressively reduced corrosion in DM welds, with 1100⁰C yielding the greatest effect. Hardness profiling showed that PWHT reduced peak fusion-zone hardness and enhanced distribution uniformity in both weld types, but DM welds consistently exhibited asymmetric softening attributable to compositional mismatch at the weld interface. The results indicate that 1000⁰C is the optimum PWHT temperature for tensile performance and that SM weldments outperform DM weldments under all tested treatment conditions.
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    Corrosion Inhibition on Mild Steel using Zinc Phosphating Modified with Magnesium and Calcium Additives
    (Portugaliae Electrochimica Acta 44, 2026) Ayoola, Ayodeji Ayodele; Durodola, M. E.; Babalola, R.; Fayomi, O. S. I.; Okoji, A.; Agbeyegbe, G. A.; Obigwe, C.
    MS is a very versatile and useful alloy in metal industry, since it is available and affordable, but it is prone to corrosion. This study investigated MS corrosion inhibition by modifying Zn₃(PO₄)2 bath with MgO and, then, with combined MgO and CaO additives. Different phosphating times (40, 60 and 80 min) and T (65 and 80 °C) were considered. Ct from 0 to 1.8 g/L MgO and combined MgO/CaO additives were added to Zn₃(PO₄)2 bath. SEM analysis of the coated samples was carried out. The specimens were also immersed in 3.5 wt% NaCl, for WL testing. Obtained results showed that the highest IE(%) of 56% was obtained for the MS sample at a phosphating T of 65 °C and Ct of 1.8 g/L MgO additive. For combined MgO and CaO additive, an IE(%) of 32% was obtained, at 65 °C, with a Ct of 0.9 g/L. MgO and CaO adsorption process (separately and combined) onto MS followed Freundlich’s adsorption model. ΔG indicated a physical adsorption process, and ΔH indicated an exothermic adsorption process, while ΔS during coating revealed a decrease in the process randomness degree.
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    Construction Quality Management Automation: Building Information Modeling (BIM) and Emerging Technologies (ET): A Review
    (EPiCSeries in Built Environment Volume 6, 2025) Ogunrinde, Olugbenro; Burgoon, Jared; Oyeyipo, Opeyemi; Ojelabi, Rapheal
    Construction productivity has been nearly stagnant for decades and traditional productivity metrics hinder progress. Addressing these challenges is critical for improving productivity. Emerging technologies like BIM present a viable solution for enhancing performance and productivity. Construction quality management processes (CQM) offer the potential for improving productivity; however, the construction industry is slow to adopt innovation. Manufacturing and other industries have seen productivity growth of 3.6% and 2.8% respectively because of the introduction of cutting edge technology for reducing human errors compared to construction’s that remains at 1% over the last two decades mostly due to conventional approach. Therefore, this paper reviews existing literature and identifies BIM integrative technologies that can enhance the CQM processes to improve productivity and reduce human errors. The study identified visualization modeling and automation systems technologies that can be integrated with BIM to guide stakeholders toward adoption and use for quality evaluation processes. Visualization modeling and automation system technologies that can be applied across various quality management categories are identified, offering insights for construction stakeholders. These technologies are positioned as key tools for improving the industry’s efficiency and guiding stakeholders toward more effective quality evaluation and management practices.
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    A Review of Corrosion Threat in Marine Industry
    (Key Engineering Materials, 2025) Odunlami, Olayemi; Fajobi, Muyiwa; Nnaji, Uchenna; Uriah, Abigail; Gawati, Tomisin; Oladimeji, Temitayo E; Adisa, Hassan
    Corrosion poses a significant challenge in the marine industry, leading to the deterioration of equipment and structures, and resulting in substantial costs for its management and control. This comprehensive review focuses on how metal structures in marine environments, such as ships, are affected by corrosion. It explores different forms of corrosion and strategies to prevent it, particularly in the context of marine vessels. The review includes real-world examples of ships, highlights the financial impact of corrosion in the marine sector, and examines the factors contributing to its occurrence. Corrosion prevents a significant issue for marine vessels and related equipment due to the potential damage to the metal they are constructed from. However, there are effective methods to mitigate this problem, such as employing corrosion-inhibiting substances and selecting appropriate materials. The susceptibility of materials to corrosion varies depending on their composition, resulting in either widespread deterioration or localized damages. By thoroughly examining the corrosion challenge within the maritime industry, this review provides insights into managing and mitigating its effects more efficiently.
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    From origin to oversight: properties, impacts and management of heavy metals
    (Discover Applied Sciences, 2025) Oladimeji, Temitayo E.; Oyedemi, Melody O.; Odunfa, Moradeyo K.; Agboola, Oluranti; Adeoye, John B.; Oke, Michael A.; Akindele, Olubukola O.
    Heavy metals, derived from both natural processes (e.g., rock weathering) and anthropogenic activities (e.g., industrial emissions, agricultural runoff ), pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation in ecosystems. This review emphasizes the need for an in-depth examination of heavy metals, their sources, properties, toxicity, and management. The document also evaluates regulatory frameworks aimed at managing heavy metal contamination and highlights the need for innovative detection and regulation. It underscores the importance of future research and policy advancements to strengthen remediation efforts, safeguard public health, and promote sustainable environmental practices
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    From origin to oversight: properties, impacts and management of heavy metals
    (Discover Applied Sciences, 2025) Oladimeji, Temitayo E; Oyedemi, Melody O; Odunfa, Moradeyo K; Agboola, Oluranti; Adeoye, John B; Oke, Michael A.; Akindele, Olubukola O.
    Heavy metals, derived from both natural processes (e.g., rock weathering) and anthropogenic activities (e.g., industrial emissions, agricultural runoff), pose significant environmental and health risks due to their persistence and bioaccumulation in ecosystems. This review emphasizes the need for an in-depth examination of heavy metals, their sources, properties, toxicity, and management. The document also evaluates regulatory frameworks aimed at managing heavy metal contamination and highlights the need for innovative detection and regulation. It underscores the importance of future research and policy advancements to strengthen remediation efforts, safeguard public health, and promote sustainable environmental practice
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    Production of activated carbon from sawdust and its efficiency in the treatment of sewage water
    (Materials Science Forum, 2025) Oladimeji, Temitayo E; Olaniyan, Ifeoluwa F.; Emetere, Moses E.; Adeoye, John B.; Odunlami, Olayemi, A.; Abatan, Olubunmi G.
    The use of activated carbon for wastewater treatment has been established based on sustainability and cost. This study delves into the intricate process of producing activated carbon from cow and goat bones and explores the efficiency of this material in removing contaminants from distillery wastewater. The samples were carbonized at 700°C in a muffle furnace, then crushed in a mortar after cooling. The crushed samples were activated using 0.4M phosphoric acid for 24 hours and washed with distilled water, and finally oven dried. The elemental and microstructural was carried on the prepared activated carbon (AC) samples using X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). The heavy metals in the treated water were tested using Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS). The AC was used to treat waste water and factors on which adsorption depend, such as contact time (35 minutes and 60 minutes), adsorbent dosage (2.5g and 5g), and initial contaminant concentration (100% and 50%) were varied for each activated carbon sample (cow bone AC, goat bone AC, and a mixture of equal ratios of both). It was reported that activated carbon prepared from animal bones is rich in calcium. Also, chemical activation with phosphoric acid led to an increase in the external surface area of the particles with irregular cavities and pores. AC prepared from the mixture of cow and goat bones was most effective for distillery wastewater purification.
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    CONGESTION MITIGATION IN TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET PROTOCOL NETWORKS USING A DEEP REINFORCEMENT LEARNING APPROACH
    (Covenant University, Ota, 2026-02) OPALEYE, Moses Adebayo; Covenant Universssity, Ota
    Random Early Detection (RED) algorithms require manual parameter tuning of the queue weight parameter, limiting effectiveness in dynamic network environments. This research develops a Deep Reinforcement Learning approach to dynamically adjust RED's queue weight for improved congestion control. Using NS-3.43 with OpenAI Gym and ZeroMQ integration, three agents — DQN, DDQN, and DDQNPER — were trained on a 200-node scenario and evaluated on unseen traffic scales of 20, 100, 300, and 400 nodes. All DRL models-maintained throughput identical to standard RED (4.885–4.936 Mbps) across all scenarios, confirming no loss of network capacity. DDQNPER achieved the best overall performance, reducing packet loss by approximately 1.8% under heavy traffic conditions (300 and 400 nodes), while marginally underperforming RED in packet loss at 20 nodes. Queuing delay was reduced across all scenarios, with the largest improvement of approximately 11% occurring at 20 nodes and moderate reductions of 3–5% under heavier traffic. These results demonstrate that DDQN enhanced with Prioritised Experience Replay can meaningfully improve active queue management in TCP/IP networks, with advantages most consistent under high-traffic congestion conditions.
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    SIMULATION OF IONIC LIQUIDS FOR THE REMOVAL OF ACID GASES IN NATURAL GAS PROCESSES
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) Udogri, Obaro; Covenant University Dissertation
    This study presents a comprehensive simulation-based investigation integrating Aspen HYSYS and Density Functional Theory (DFT) to evaluate the performance of an ionic liquid (IL), 1-methyl-1-propylpiperidinium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)-imide, for the effective removal of hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) and carbon dioxide (CO₂) from an untreated natural gas stream. The IL was selected based on its low toxicity, thermal stability, and favorable interaction with acid gases. The treatment phase involved modeling the gas absorption process in Aspen HYSYS and analyzing molecular interactions using DFT. Results showed that CO₂ preferentially binds to the anion ([TFSI]), while H₂S bonds to the cation ([MPPIP]). The calculated binding energies for both gases were minimal, indicating low energy requirements and a strong potential for efficient absorption. Under initial simulation conditions—206°C and 22.5 bar—the process achieved a 73.5% acid gas removal rate. Following this, optimization was performed to enhance the system’s performance. Sensitivity analyses revealed that temperature, pressure, and IL concentration significantly influenced gas absorption efficiency. The optimal operating conditions were found to be within a temperature range of 50°C to 78°C and a pressure of 18 bar. Although increasing the IL concentration improved acid gas absorption, it also reduced sweet gas recovery due to mass transfer effects. A balanced IL flowrate of 500 kmol/h was identified to maintain high efficiency while minimizing sweet gas loss. Statistical analysis using a two-factor interaction (2FI) model demonstrated a good model fit with an R² value of 83.2% and 87.6% of data closely matching the regression line. Final optimization using 3D response surface modeling revealed that the absorption efficiency could be increased from 73.5% to 95% by adjusting the operating conditions to 224°C and 28.5 bar.
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    ASSESSMENT OF THE IMPACT OF FAULTS IN A DISTRIBUTION NETWORK: A CASE STUDY OF COVENANT UNIVERSITY
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) ECHEMITA, Timothy; Covenant University Dissertation
    Electrical faults pose significant challenges to the reliable and safe operation of distribution networks, often causing equipment damage, service interruptions, and reduced protection system effectiveness. This research investigates the impact of faults within the Covenant University distribution network. The objectives were to develop a representative network model, identify potential fault types, and assess their influence on overall system performance. A detailed MATLAB/Simulink model of the distribution network was created, and simulations were conducted for five primary fault types: single line-to-ground, double-line, double-line-to- ground, three-phase, and three-phase-to-ground faults, all under steady-state load conditions. The simulation results demonstrated distinct variations in fault current magnitudes and voltage responses depending on the fault type, with three-phase faults producing the highest currents. These results were compared against the interrupting capacities of protective devices installed in the Chapel, College of Science and Technology (CST), and Electrical and Information Engineering (EIE) powerhouses. The analysis revealed instances where simulated fault currents exceeded device ratings, indicating potential weaknesses in the existing protection scheme. Overall, the study emphasizes the importance of simulation-based fault assessment in evaluating protection adequacy and enhancing system resilience. Additionally, the findings provide a reference framework for protection analysis in similar institutional microgrids