Department of Business Management.

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Artificial intelligence and automation as drivers of market expansion in Nigeria’s fintech sector: A systematic review
(International Journal of Intellectual Discourse (IJID) Volume 9, Issue 1., 2026-03) Adesanya, Oluwatoyin Deborah; OWOLOYE, BRIGHT ODUNAYO; Obiukwu, Ferdinand
This study systematically reviews the literature on the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and automation in expanding the market reach of fintech services in Nigeria. Guided by PRISMA 2020, the review covered literature published between 2015 and 2026 and used keyword combinations built around “artificial intelligence”, “automation”, “fintech”, “Nigeria”, “Sub-Saharan Africa”, “market expansion”, “trust”, “risk management”, and “financial inclusion”. A targeted retrieval strategy was applied across Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, Taylor & Francis Online, and official publications of the Central Bank of Nigeria, the World Bank, OECD, and the Financial Stability Board. Eighty records were captured; 37 duplicate or alternate records were removed; 43 unique records were screened by title and abstract; 19 full texts were assessed for eligibility; and 16 records met the inclusion criteria for the final synthesis. The review shows that AI and automation support market expansion through three interrelated pathways: operational efficiency and decision quality, stronger transparency and risk management, and improved inclusion when supported by infrastructure, literacy, and governance. Results from individual studies indicate that fraud detection, credit scoring, onboarding automation, and compliance support can strengthen risk management and service reliability, while trust, privacy, and security concerns continue to shape adoption. The study concludes that AI and automation are best understood as enablers of trustworthy scale rather than automatic drivers of growth. Their market effects depend on governance quality, user confidence, and supportive digital infrastructure.
Assessing the Challenges of Medical Practitioners’ Retention and Its Implications in a Developing Economy
(The Changing Landscape of Workplace and Workforce, 2024-06) Falola, Hezekiah O.; Ojebola, Oluwatunmise O.
The high turnover rate of medical personnel in Nigeria is becoming alarming as many of them are leaving the country for developed nations for better job opportunities. This has contributed to the shortage of doctors and nurses in the Nigeria health sector. The study’s objective is to crystallise the challenges of health worker retention in Nigeria through a critical literature review. The study used data from previously published peer-reviewed articles published in recognised and credible scientific journals. Relevant information was obtained from these sources, conceptualised, and discussed alongside existing literature. Key findings from the research are attributed to a lack of competitive pay, state-of-the-heart medical equipment deficiency, security, and lack of political will by the government. To this end, there is a need for restructuring of the health sector in Nigeria to address issues relating to poor remuneration, infrastructure, training opportunities, and the well-being of the health workers.
ASSESSMENT OF CHANGE MANAGEMENT ON LEADERSHIP EFFECTIVENESS IN THE NIGERIAN FINANCIAL SERVICES SECTOR: A STUDY OF GTBANK LAGOS
(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) OLAYINKA, TIJESUNIMI WISDOM; Covenant University, Dissertation
Organisational transformation has become increasingly prominent within the Nigerian financial services sector due to digital banking expansion, financial technology integration, regulatory reforms, operational restructuring, and changing customer expectations. Although organisational change is gaining prominence, the evidence of the effect of change management on the effectiveness of leadership in the banking sector in Nigeria is scanty. This study examined the impact of change management on leadership effectiveness in the Nigerian financial services sector (NFS) with GTBank in Lagos as the context of the study. The research design used was quantitative cross-sectional explanatory research, which is based on the positivist philosophy. Data was collected using structured questionnaire from the employees of selected GTBank branches in Lagos state. Data was analysed descriptively and further analysed by Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) software version 4.0.The data were analysed descriptively and then analysed using the software PLS-SEM version 4.0. The results indicated that the effective change management had a significant impact on the leadership in each of the dimensions of the study. In general, the study confirmed that structured change management practices help to enhance the effectiveness of the leadership in developing adaptability of the organisation during transitional process. The study further recommends that financial institutions improve their organizational communication network, adopt participatory leadership practice, invest in the ongoing development of staff and ensure leadership commitment for improvement is visible to the staff during organizational change to improve their leadership
BUSINESS PROCESS REENGINEERING AND SUSTAINABILITY OF OUTSOURCING ORGANISATION IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA. A STUDY OF HUGO INC
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) OKWARAOGOMA REGAN OGADINMA; Covenant University Dissertation
This research focused on the influence of business process reengineering on outsourcing organization: A study of Hugo Inc. Companies need to survive the test of time in business practices and having operational efficiency, so process reengineering can help them in achieving this. Business process reengineering is typically used to boost business agility, responsiveness, and customer satisfaction with improved goods and services. Sustainability is connected to the ability to run a production process over a period of time. Some of the problems BPR is trying to address are client satisfaction, process implementation, operational and resource management. The purpose of this study is to know how process reengineering can lead to sustainability for outsourcing organization. Organization understands the importance of profit and having customer base, and must understand that it is important to design operation to ensure both factors are not affected. The key variables in the study are value creation, process ownership and customer focus connected to business process reengineering, while economic, environmental and social variables are connected to sustainability, these are explored in relation to each other and their connection to the problem. The theory utilized in the study are the triple bottom line and stakeholders’ theory was used in this study to provide the theoretical foundation to this study. A quantitative survey method was adopted for this study. The population of the study comprised of 850 employees and questionnaires was administered to a sample size of 272 employees using purposive and simple random sampling technique. Results showed there is a positive relationship between process reengineering and sustainability. The study is to push outsourcing organizations to review their system of operation to constantly overcome challenges and be productive in their operation. Therefore, there is need to constantly review, update, recommend and adjust the process of operation.
Change Management and Corporate Social Performance: A nexus for Organizational Development
(Scientific Culture, 2026) Adebayo, Olufunke P. Kehinde, Joseph O. Ogbari, Mercy E. Ufua, Daniel E. kehinde, Segun I.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF SELECTED SYNTHETIC HAIR PRODUCTION COMPANIES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) LAWAL ODUNAYO RUTH; Covenant University Dissertation
The synthetic hair production industry in Lagos, Nigeria, faces significant challenges in sustainable resource management due to its reliance on fossil-based polymers, leading to inefficiencies in operational processes, resource utilization, and waste management. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Surveys were conducted among employees, managers, and consumers of synthetic hair products, complemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights into their practices and perceptions. The research findings reveal that implementing Circular Economy (CE) strategies can significantly enhance operational efficiency, resource utilization, and waste reduction while promoting responsible consumption behaviors. Specifically, product circularity improves operational processes by reducing the need for new raw materials and minimizing waste. Process circularity optimizes resource use through the incorporation of recycled materials and adoption of eco-friendly manufacturing techniques, while supply chain circularity effectively reduces waste by implementing closed-loop systems and enhancing material recovery. These findings imply that adopting CE practices can lead to substantial improvements in sustainability and efficiency within the synthetic hair sector, contributing to environmental conservation and economic benefits. Therefore, the study recommends that synthetic hair production companies invest in advanced recycling infrastructure, prioritize designing products with durability and recyclability, engage consumers through education on sustainable practices, and foster stronger collaborations with suppliers to create sustainable supply chains. These steps will help achieve long-term sustainability goals and set a precedent for other industries to follow.
CIRCULAR ECONOMY STRATEGIES AND SUSTAINABLE RESOURCE MANAGEMENT: A STUDY OF SELECTED SYNTHETIC HAIR PRODUCTION COMPANIES IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) LAWAL ODUNAYO RUTH; Covenant University Dissertation
The synthetic hair production industry in Lagos, Nigeria, faces significant challenges in sustainable resource management due to its reliance on fossil-based polymers, leading to inefficiencies in operational processes, resource utilization, and waste management. This study employed a mixed-methods approach, utilizing both quantitative and qualitative data collection techniques. Surveys were conducted among employees, managers, and consumers of synthetic hair products, complemented by semi-structured interviews to gain deeper insights into their practices and perceptions. The research findings reveal that implementing Circular Economy (CE) strategies can significantly enhance operational efficiency, resource utilization, and waste reduction while promoting responsible consumption behaviors. Specifically, product circularity improves operational processes by reducing the need for new raw materials and minimizing waste. Process circularity optimizes resource use through the incorporation of recycled materials and adoption of eco-friendly manufacturing techniques, while supply chain circularity effectively reduces waste by implementing closed-loop systems and enhancing material recovery. These findings imply that adopting CE practices can lead to substantial improvements in sustainability and efficiency within the synthetic hair sector, contributing to environmental conservation and economic benefits. Therefore, the study recommends that synthetic hair production companies invest in advanced recycling infrastructure, prioritize designing products with durability and recyclability, engage consumers through education on sustainable practices, and foster stronger collaborations with suppliers to create sustainable supply chains. These steps will help achieve long-term sustainability goals and set a precedent for other industries to follow.
Demystifying Effect of Social Innovation in Flood Remote Sensing: A Schematic Review
(Journal of Sustainability Research, 2025) Ogbari, Mercy Ejovwokeoghene; Ingomowei, Preye Samson; Ogunnaike, Olaleke Oluseye
Remote sensing technologies offer valuable tools for flood mitigation strategy and flood monitoring, but their effectiveness is limited by factors such as inadequate infrastructure, limited technical expertise, and the disconnect between technological solutions and local needs. Therefore, this study examines the integration of social innovation with flood remote sensing technologies in developing countries through a systematic literature review spanning 2013–2024. The study explores the systematic literature review on social innovation in reducing the effects of floods, filling the existing gaps, and evaluating the areas of interest when integrating social innovation with flood remote sensing. The study revealed that community based and participatory approaches for engagement in social innovation potentially provide a viable way to enhance flood management. The study will contributes to existing body of knowledge as well as policy makers in flood prone areas. However, further studies could conduct an empirical study to have concrete data and information on how social innovation can be used in flood remote sensing
Demystifying Effect of Social Innovation in Flood Remote Sensing: A Schematic Review
(Licensee Hapres, 2025) Ogbari, Mercy Ejovwokeoghene; Ingomowei, Preye Samson; Ogunnaike, Olaleke Oluseye
Remote sensing technologies offer valuable tools for flood mitigation strategy and flood monitoring, but their effectiveness is limited by factors such as inadequate infrastructure, limited technical expertise, and the disconnect between technological solutions and local needs. Therefore, this study examines the integration of social innovation with flood remote sensing technologies in developing countries through a systematic literature review spanning 2013–2024. The study explores the systematic literature review on social innovation in reducing the effects of floods, filling the existing gaps, and evaluating the areas of interest when integrating social innovation with flood remote sensing. The study revealed that community based and participatory approaches for engagement in social innovation potentially provide a viable way to enhance flood management. The study will contributes to existing body of knowledge as well as policy makers in flood prone areas. However, further studies could conduct an empirical study to have concrete data and information on how social innovation can be used in flood remote sensing
DIGITAL ASSISTANTS AND CUSTOMER EXPERIENCE: A STUDY OF ACE MEDICARE CLINIC, OGUN STATE, NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) MELFORD, Ruth Nimi; Covenant University Dissertation
Amidst rising demand for more efficient and responsive healthcare, this study investigates the impact of digital assistants on customer experience in Nigeria's healthcare sector. The study looks at how voice recognition technologies, chatbots, digital avatars, and predictive analytics affect the cognitive, relational, sensorial, and affective elements of the patient experience. The study used a descriptive survey design guided by the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and the HealthQual model, with a positivist ideology at its core. Primary data were acquired from 195 patients at Ace Medicare Clinic in Ogun State using structured questionnaires. The data was analysed using SPSS version 25, which included descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, and multiple regression analysis. The findings revealed that voice recognition technologies greatly improved cognitive experience, whereas predictive analytics improved emotive experience. However, chatbots and digital avatars had little or no impact on relational and sensory experiences, respectively. The study also discovered that criteria like usability, digital literacy, and trust influenced patient opinions. It concludes that, while digital assistants show potential, their usefulness is context dependent. The report advocates user centred design, digital literacy training, and tighter privacy safeguards to improve the incorporation of AI capabilities in Nigerian healthcare delivery.
DIGITAL STRATEGIES AND CORPORATE PERFORMANCE: THE MODERATING ROLE OF THE REGULATORY ENVIRONMENT IN OPAY, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) OLABODE, Oluwakemi Deborah; Covenant University, Dissertation
This study examined digital strategies and corporate performance, with particular attention to the moderating role of the regulatory environment in OPay, Lagos State, Nigeria. The study was motivated by the growing importance of fintech firms in Nigeria's digital financial services ecosystem and the need to understand whether digital strategy investments translate into measurable corporate performance under changing regulatory conditions. The independent variable was digital strategies, measured through digital infrastructure investment, process digitalisation, customer experience innovation, and data analytics capability. The dependent variable was corporate performance, measured through financial performance, operational efficiency, customer growth, and market performance, while the regulatory environment was treated as the moderating variable. The study adopted a quantitative research design and used a structured questionnaire to obtain primary data from employees of OPay in Lagos State. A population size of 100 respondents was used because the population was small and manageable; 80 valid responses were obtained and analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling. The measurement model confirmed strong reliability and convergent validity, with Cronbach's alpha values ranging from 0.853 to 0.952 and composite reliability values above the accepted threshold of 0.70. The findings revealed that digital infrastructure investment, process digitalisation, customer experience innovation, and data analytics capability each had significant positive effects on corporate performance. The full moderation model explained 74.6% of the variance in corporate performance. However, the interaction effect of the regulatory environment was negative and significant, indicating that while regulation provides legitimacy and structure, excessive compliance pressure may weaken the performance returns of digital strategies. The study concluded that digital strategies improve corporate performance in fintech firms, but their effectiveness depends on the quality, clarity, and proportionality of the regulatory environment. It recommended stronger digital infrastructure, deeper analytics capability, customer-centred innovation, process automation, and compliance-by-design practices for fintech organisations.
EFFECT OF MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF SELECTED EVENT FIRMS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) FADIYA, Boluwatife Oluwatobiloba; Covenant University, Dissertation
Despite the increased demand for event services, the situation remains challenging for event management companies in Lagos State, Nigeria, as they still struggle with weak strategic planning, suboptimal resource use, lack of brand awareness, and low customer relationship management practices. Though event management has become a major economic activity, literature on how the practices of event management influence sustainable performance together is limited, and most studies are general service-sector studies or studies focused on manufacturing and MSMEs, and not capturing the operational realities that are specific to event management-based services. The gap establishes a limitation for practitioners and policymakers in the sector to make decisions based on available evidence. The study explored the impact of event management practices on sustainable performance of selected event management companies in Lagos State, Nigeria based on this gap. A quantitative, cross sectional survey research design was used. The population of the study were 1451 registered firms and event planners in the event management industry in Lagos State. Sample size was calculated using the Taro Yamane formula at a 5% margin of error, which resulted in a minimal sample size of 314 respondents, but this was increased by 30% to make up for non-response, which returned a sample size of 408 respondents. The sampling method used was a multi stage sampling method which involved stratified sampling, simple random sampling and convenience sampling. A structured questionnaire was used to gather the data from the owners, managers and senior operational staff and 383 valid questionnaires were retrieved and analyzed by multiple regression analysis. The results showed that strategic planning had a significant impact on operational efficiency (β = 0.651 p < 0.001), resource management had a positive impact on adaptability (β = 0.650, p < 0.001), brand development had a positive impact on market visibility (β = 0.682, p < 0.001), relationship management had a positive impact on customer retention (β = 0.721, p < 0.001). < 0.001). The joint model accounted for 64.1% of the variance in sustainable performance (R² = 0.641, p < 0.001). The study found that good event management practices are key enablers of sustainable performance and long-term competitiveness of event management firms in Lagos State and recommended that event management firms improve their structured planning system, their resource allocation framework, their deliberate investment in the positioning of their brands and also invest more in their long-term customer relation management in order to improve their sustainable performance and long-term competitiveness.
EFFECT OF RESKILLING AND UPSKILLING STRATEGIES ON EMPLOYEE ENGAGEMENT IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING COMPANIES WITHIN LAGOS AND OGUN STATES
(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) SUNNY-EKANEM, Miracle Ediomi; Covenant University, Dissertation
As manufacturing organisations become more automated and digital, their skill needs are changing, and there's a need for better reskilling and upskilling strategies to keep skills up to date and maintain engagement levels. This study examined the impact of reskilling and upskilling strategies on employee engagement in selected fast-moving consumer goods manufacturing companies in Lagos and Ogun States, Nigeria. In particular, the study focused on how the development of digital learning, technical skills, learning flexibility, and mentorship relates to affective, behavioral, and cognitive engagement. This study was designed as mixed-methods research. The quantitative data were gathered using a structured questionnaire administered to workers at the selected FMCG manufacturing companies, and the qualitative data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with managerial personnel at the selected company. The quantitative data were analysed with Smart Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM), and the qualitative data were analysed reflexively, through thematic analysis. The findings revealed that digital learning development had a significant positive effect on behavioural engagement (β = 0.214, p < 0.05) and cognitive engagement (β = 0.166, p < 0.05), but no significant effect on affective engagement (β = 0.085, p > 0.05). Technical skill development was a significant factor in affective engagement (β = 0.124, p ≤ 0.05), behavioural engagement (β = 0.181, p < 0.05) and cognitive engagement (β = 0.194, p < 0.05). Learning flexibility significantly enhanced affective engagement (β = 0.299, p < 0.001), behavioural engagement (β = 0.234, p < 0.001), and cognitive engagement (β = 0.267, p < 0.001). Similarly, mentorship significantly influenced affective engagement (β = 0.353, p < 0.001), behavioural engagement (β = 0.222, p < 0.01), and cognitive engagement (β = 0.209, p < 0.01). The study finds that reskilling and upskilling are important mechanisms to improve employee engagement and adaptability in technology-driven manufacturing contexts. Thus, the study recommends that FMCG manufacturing firms institutionalize flexible learning systems, strengthen mentorship programs, invest in continuous development of technical and digital skills, and integrate workforce development strategies into organizational policies to sustain employee engagement and competitiveness in an increasingly automated workplace.
EFFECT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION. A STUDY OF COCA-COLA PLC, LAGOS STATE
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) BABALOLA OMONIYI SAMUEL; Covenant University Thesis
This study investigates the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on customer satisfaction within the Nigerian soft drink production sector, focusing on Coca-Cola Plc in Lagos State. The research assesses how TQM practices influence product quality consistency, customer perceptions of value for money, employee performance, and overall organizational success. Using a descriptive research design, quantitative data were collected through surveys from employees, consumers, suppliers, and distributors. Findings reveal that continuous improvement initiatives significantly enhance product quality and consistency, leading to higher customer satisfaction. TQM practices positively influence pricing strategies and production efficiency, improving customer perceptions of value for money. The study also highlights the critical role of employee training and development in enhancing customer service interactions, correlating with increased satisfaction levels. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of a customer-centric culture and the strategic use of technology and innovation in fostering long-term customer loyalty and organizational success. Despite limitations such as the geographical focus on Lagos State alone and reliance on self-reported data, the study provides robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of TQM in the Nigerian soft drink industry. The research offers actionable recommendations for industry practitioners, including strengthening continuous improvement processes, enhancing employee training, improving customer feedback mechanisms, fostering supplier and distributor collaboration, leveraging technology, and promoting a customer-centric culture. The study concludes that adopting and continuously refining TQM practices can significantly enhance customer satisfaction and provide a competitive advantage in the Nigerian soft drink production sector.
EFFECT OF WORKFORCE AUTOMATION ON EMPLOYEES’ ENGAGEMENT IN DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS IN LAGOS
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) NNODUM, Jessica Chinwendu; Covenant University Dissertation
The rapid integration of workforce automation in the banking sector has raised critical concerns about its impact on employee engagement. While automation offers significant benefits such as operational efficiency and cost reduction, its emotional and psychological implications for employees remain insufficiently examined, particularly within Nigeria’s Tier-1 deposit money banks. This study investigates how workforce automation, specifically technological infrastructure, process automation, process efficiency, and task completion rate affect the affective, behavioural, and cognitive engagement of employees in selected commercial banks in Lagos. Using a quantitative research approach, structured questionnaires were administered across five major banks: First Bank, UBA, Access Bank, GTBank, and Zenith Bank. From the 144 distributed questionnaires, 119 valid responses were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate the strength of relationships between the variables. The findings indicate that all four components of workforce automation significantly enhance employee engagement, with technological infrastructure and task completion rate showing the most substantial positive effects across all dimensions. These insights emphasize the need for bank management and policymakers to approach automation not merely as a tool for efficiency but as a strategic asset for sustaining human engagement. By investing in inclusive technological systems, offering continuous digital training, and involving employees in automation-related decisions, organizations can build a resilient and emotionally invested workforce capable of thriving in an increasingly automated environment.
EFFECTS OF AUTOMATED SYSTEMS ON EMPLOYEES’ EXPERIENCE IN TIER-2 DEPOSIT MONEY BANKS, LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) ONUMAJURU, RICHARD ICHEBADU; Covenant University, Dissertation
The rapid adoption of automated systems in Nigeria's banking sector, accelerated by the Central Bank of Nigeria's cashless policy and fintech competition, has generated contradictory outcomes for employees. While automation promises operational efficiency, industry evidence indicates rising technostress, job insecurity, and high turnover among bank employees, particularly in Tier-2 Deposit Money Banks (DMBs). Despite controlling 38% of industry assets and employing over 18,000 staff in Lagos State, Tier-2 DMBs remain disproportionately underrepresented in empirical literature. This study examined the effects of automated systems on employees' experience in Tier-2 Deposit Money Banks in Lagos State, Nigeria. Specifically, it disaggregated automated systems into four dimensions; technological infrastructure, process automation, process efficiency, and task completion rate; and assessed their effects on employee engagement, mental well-being, and employee retention. Anchored on the Job Demands-Resources Theory, Sociotechnical Systems Theory, and the Technology Acceptance Model, the study adopted a quantitative, cross-sectional, explanatory survey design. A structured questionnaire was administered to employees drawn from five Tier-2 DMBs; Ecobank Plc, First City Monument Bank Plc, Sterling Bank Plc, Stanbic IBTC Bank Plc, and Wema Bank Plc; operating across Island and Mainland branches in Lagos State. Data were analysed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM). Findings revealed that automated systems have significant positive effects on employees' experience, with technological infrastructure, process automation, process efficiency, and task completion rate collectively enhancing employee engagement, mental well-being, and retention when implemented within a supportive organisational context. The study concluded that successful automation requires a balanced approach integrating technological innovation with employee-centred management practices. Recommendations include continuous investment in reliable technological infrastructure, comprehensive reskilling programmes, and the development of human-centric automation policies.
EFFECTS OF BUSINESS MODEL INNOVATION AND DIGITAL CAPABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES IN LAGOS
(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) AMOO, Adebola Toluwanimi; Covevant University, Dissertation
Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) are central to Nigeria's economic development, yet persistent performance deficits in market competitiveness, customer retention, and service quality continue to constrain their growth. Empirical evidence on the combined effects of business model innovation (BMI) and digital capability (DC) on SME performance within the Lagos context remains limited. Grounded in the Dynamic Capabilities Theory (Teece, Pisano & Shuen, 1997) and the Technology-Organisation-Environment Framework (Tornatzky & Fleischer, 1990), this study examined the effects of four BMI dimensions, namely value proposition innovation (VPI), value creation innovation (VCI), value capture innovation (VCAI), and market innovation (MI), on SME performance, and tested the moderating role of digital capability. A quantitative cross-sectional survey of 387 respondents, drawn from a registered population of 11,663 Lagos SMEs, tested five null hypotheses using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) via SmartPLS 4. Four hypotheses were supported: VPI, VCI, VCAI, and MI each positively and significantly predicted all four performance indicators, namely market share, customer retention, employee retention, and product and service quality. Market innovation was the strongest predictor (β = 0.449). The moderation hypothesis was not supported (β = −0.387, p = 0.237), though digital capability exerted a significant direct performance effect (β = 0.546, p = 0.004), with the model explaining 41.1% of variance. The study introduces the dual transformation burden concept, proposing that simultaneous investment in BMI and DC generates diminishing returns in resource-constrained Nigerian SMEs, and contributes a validated instrument and original PLS-SEM evidence to the sub-Saharan African BMI literature.
EFFECTS OF DIGITAL MEDIA ON CORPORATE REPUTATION: A STUDY OF PIGGYVEST NIGERIA
(Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) LEWIS, Anita Ilaide; Covenant University Dissertation
This research focused on the effects of digital media on corporate reputation: A study of PiggyVest Nigeria. In the digital age, organizations must manage how they are perceived by the public to remain competitive, trustworthy, and sustainable. Digital media tools such as social media, email marketing, blog content, and cybersecurity have become essential in shaping how customers view brands. Corporate reputation is influenced by how these tools are used to engage customers, promote transparency, and build trust. Some of the key concerns digital media addresses include customer loyalty, brand image, product quality perception, and data security. The purpose of this study was to examine the role of digital media in enhancing corporate reputation in the fintech sector, using PiggyVest Nigeria as a case study. The independent variable in this study is digital media, which includes social media, email marketing, blog content, and cybersecurity, while the dependent variable is corporate reputation, measured through brand image, customer loyalty, product quality, and customer trust. Stakeholder theory and the Technology Acceptance Model were adopted to provide the theoretical foundation for this study. A quantitative survey method was employed. The population consisted of PiggyVest customers, and data was collected using structured questionnaires. A total of 384 questionnaires were distributed, and 378 valid responses were analyzed using Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). The results showed a positive and significant relationship between digital media and corporate reputation. This study encourages fintech organizations to strategically adopt and optimize digital media tools as part of their corporate communication and customer engagement strategies. It is also recommended that these organizations regularly evaluate their digital practices to stay relevant, build trust, and maintain a strong reputation in a highly digital and competitive market.
EFFECTS OF ENTREPRENEURIAL EMPOWERMENT AND INDIGENOUS APPRENTICESHIP ON SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN-OWNED SMEs IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-07) MICHAEL, ROSE OFEM; Covenant Universirty, Dissertation
This study examined the effects of entrepreneurial empowerment and indigenous apprenticeship on the sustainable performance of women-owned SMEs in Southwest Nigeria. It investigated how financial, educational, social, and technological empowerment influence sustainable performance, and whether indigenous apprenticeship moderates this relationship. Anchored in the Resource Based View (Barney, 1991; Penrose, 1959) and Social Learning Theory (Bandura, 1977, 1986), the study adopted a positivist, quantitative, cross-sectional design. Structured questionnaires were administered to 384 respondents across Lagos, Ogun, and Oyo States using stratified and convenience sampling. Data were analysed using PLS-SEM in SmartPLS 4 with 5,000 bootstrapping subsamples. Findings confirm that financial empowerment (β = 0.381), educational empowerment (β = 0.403), and technological empowerment (β = 0.360) each significantly predict all four sustainable performance dimensions: economic, environmental, operational, and social. Social empowerment significantly predicts three dimensions but not economic performance (p = 0.208), revealing a structural conversion failure rooted in the dominance of bonding over bridging social capital. Critically, indigenous apprenticeship significantly and negatively moderates the empowerment–performance relationship (β = −1.675, T = 4.083, p < 0.001; 95% CI [−2.312, −0.879]), with the moderation model explaining 39.7% of variance. This negative moderation is attributed to the Competing Obligations Hypothesis: the demands of indigenous apprenticeship systems for communal governance reduce the efficiency with which empowerment resources translate into sustainable performance gains. The study recommends complementing empowerment policies with institutional bridging mechanisms, digital training, and redesigned apprenticeship governance. Theoretically, it contributes the Gendered Conversion Efficiency concept as a refinement of the Resource-Based View and the Gender-Differentiated Self-Efficacy Proposition as a boundary condition for Social Learning Theory.
EFFECTS OF GREEN HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON EMPLOYEES’ PERFORMANCE IN SELECTED MANUFACTURING FIRMS IN LAGOS, NIGERIA
(Covenant University, Ota, 2026-06) NWACHUKWU, Samuel Chinedu; Covenant University, Dissertation
This study examined the effects of Green Human Resource Management practices on employees’ performance in selected manufacturing firms in Lagos, Nigeria, focusing on Chi Limited and Seven Up Bottling Company. The research was motivated by increasing environmental sustainability demands and the need for manufacturing firms to integrate green practices into core human resource systems. The study specifically investigated how green recruitment and selection, green training and development, green performance management and reward systems, and employee involvement in environmental initiatives influence task performance, work efficiency and productivity, job quality and work output, and environmentally responsible work behaviour. Adopting a positivist philosophy and a quantitative descriptive and explanatory survey design, primary data were collected through structured questionnaires administered to employees of the selected firms. A total of 285 questionnaires were distributed, out of which 247 were returned and found usable, representing an 86.7 percent response rate. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and multiple regression analysis to test the formulated hypotheses. The results indicated that Green Human Resource Management practices collectively explained 58.4 percent of the variance in employees’ performance. Individually, green recruitment significantly predicted task performance with a beta value of 0.41, green training significantly influenced work efficiency and productivity with a beta value of 0.46, green performance management significantly affected job quality and work output with a beta value of 0.38, while employee involvement significantly predicted environmentally responsible work behaviour with a beta value of 0.52. The findings demonstrate that Green Human Resource Management practices are strategic drivers of employee performance within manufacturing firms. The study concludes that embedding environmental sustainability into recruitment, training, appraisal, and participatory systems enhances both operational effectiveness and environmentally responsible behaviour. It recommends institutionalising structured green HR policies to improve productivity, work quality, and long term organisational sustainability.