College of Management and Social Sciences

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    ASSESSMENT OF SELECTED ONLINE NEWSPAPERS: FRAMING OF COVID-19 PANDEMIC REPORTS IN NIGERIA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-09) AFOLABI, Oluwafolafunmi Omoladun; Covenant University Thesis
    Despite the crucial role of Nigerian online newspapers in disseminating information during the COVID-19 lockdown period, there is a significant gap in the literature on the analysis of types and directions of frames of COVID-19 pandemic reports. There is also a gap in the frequency of the socio-economic responses to the virus. Similarly, there is a gap in understanding Nigerian online newspaper editors’ perspectives that COVID-19 reports pass through before publishing. This research examined how five Nigerian online newspapers presented stories about the COVID-19 pandemic - specifically, what angles they chose, which issues they emphasised, and explored what editors thought, how decisions were made regarding articles, alongside problems editors and reporters faced. Examining these choices reveals how information gets shaped, but also sheds light on journalistic hurdles throughout this worldwide health emergency. The theories underpinning this study were framing and gatekeeping theories. This study adopted a mixed methods approach with a sequential explanatory design. The types of analyses used were content analysis (combining framing analysis and word frequency analysis) for quantitative content analysis and thematic analysis for in-depth interviews. Data for the content analysis were sourced from online archives. The quantitative content analysis examined framing directions and types, the frequency of socio-economic responses to COVID-19, the placement of COVID-19 stories, and the published articles. The qualitative in-depth interviews were conducted to find out the Nigerian online newspaper editors’ perspectives, editorial bureaucracies (processes), and the challenges during the peak era of the reportage of COVID-19. Analysis of 4,808 reports showed that different newspapers preferred different framing approaches, with some emphasising support, others distance, and empathy.” Findings for framing types showed that Daily Post Newspaper reports, Guardian Newspaper reports, Premium Times Newspaper reports, Punch Newspaper reports, and Vanguard Newspaper reports consistently implemented Episodic vs. Thematic framing. Contrary to expectations, the results showed that in all 5 selected newspapers, the COVID-19 top stories were fewer than the COVID-19 stories from other segments. In contrast, news was the most frequent type of COVID- 19 article in all the selected Nigerian online newspapers. Editors asserted that they strictly followed data from health bodies and news wires in their reportage of the pandemic to guard against misinformation and to avoid panic from the readership. They also faced new challenges, such as security restrictions and a heavier digital workload, among other challenges. The study recommends more straightforward editorial guidelines on framing to reduce bias and strengthen audience trust.
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    EFFECTS OF GREEN FINANCING AND INSTITUTIONAL QUALITY ON SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-10) ASEMOTA, Franklin Famous; Covenant University Thesis
    As planet earth continue to get hotter, the negative consequences of climate change become more inescapable to its occupants and a one-off solution in the short run becomes difficult due to it dynamic nature. Africa is at the receiving end of the negative consequences of climate change due to its unique adaptive capacity. Millions of livelihoods in Africa are predominantly dependent on primary production and extractive sector which are worst hit by climate change, and this posed a more worsening threat to economic stability and peace in the continent. Hence, Africa requires finances that are strategically structured to sync social, environmental and economical concern to defend itself against climate change. This study therefore explores the role of green financing and institutional quality in harnessing sustainable development in Africa. This study utilized SEM-PLS (Structural Equation Model- Partial Least Square) technique of data analysis to examine green banking practices and sustainable development in Africa. PARDL (Panel Autoregressive– Distributive Lag) was utilize to investigate the impact of green bonds and renewable energy financing on Africa sustainable development while Panel Interaction Effect test was employed to assess the exact influence of institutional quality. The findings reveal a significant positive linkage between green banking initiatives and sustainable development outcomes in the African context. The result suggests that higher Green Banking Adoption (GBA) is associated with greater attainment of Sustainable Development (ASD). The value of green bond, interest rate on green bond and the duration of the bond, have positive and significant impacts on capital market development and carbon emissions. Only the interest rate of the green bond is found to have an insignificant impact on human capital development. In the short run, insignificant relationships were found between renewable energy utilisation and economic sustainability as well as between renewable energy utilisation and environmental sustainability. However, in the long run, the relationships are revealed to be both negative but statistically insignificant for economic sustainability although significant for environmental sustainability. Lastly, the interaction of regulatory quality with green bonds value had an insignificant impact on measures of sustainable development, however, the interaction between regulatory quality and interest rate on green bonds showed positive influence on capital market development and carbon emission. This study recommends that the Africa banking sector should unify all their operation to sync with green practices and policies. Establishment of a functional green bonds platform in Africa that will enable clear validation and trading of green finance instruments. Lower interest rate for certified green projects must be mandated to encourage capital flow and reduce the risk associated with renewable energy projects. Lastly, Africa must ensure a stable political climate as it serves as a fundamental catalyst for a sustainable green financial system needed to combat the negatives effects of climate changes
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    IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE AND WAGE INCOME ON FOOD SECURITY OF FEMALE-HEADED HOUSEHOLDS IN SELECTED WEST AFRICAN COUNTRIES
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-09) ODE OMENKA, Loveth Chiduma; Covenant University Thesis
    The critical relevance of food security in West Africa cannot be overemphasised due to the regional level of vulnerability which is driven by conflict, displacement, economic instability, and severe climate shocks. Food security in the West African region faces mounting challenges and climate change has emerged as one of the most significant drivers of the current food crisis. This study represents one of the few empirical investigations that analyzed the impact of climate change and wage income on food security, particularly by comparing households experiencing severe climate change to those without. The broad objective of this research is to examine how climate change and wage income affects food security across West African countries with a particular focus on Nigeria and Senegal. The study is supported by the Resilience Theory which explores household capacity to withstand environmental shocks and the Sustainable Finance Theory, which emphasises the importance of economic stability and inclusion in ensuring long-term food access. A mixed-methods approach was employed to capture both quantitative and qualitative dimensions of the research problem. Quantitative data were obtained from the Living Standards Measurement Study-Integrated Surveys on Agriculture (LSMS-ISA), while qualitative data were collected through fieldwork across selected rural communities. The study utilised Statistical techniques such as Logistic Regression and Propensity Score Matching (PSM) to estimate the effect of climate change exposure and livelihood factors on food consumption outcomes. Geospatial technique was also used to graphically represent the impact of Climate Change. The qualitative analysis complemented the statistical findings with insights from the field especially highlighting gendered dimensions of agricultural labour wage and food consumption. Findings from Nigeria revealed that households exposed to severe climate change experienced 11.1% reduction in food consumption adequacy. Households with female agricultural wage earners had significantly higher odds (55.3%) of achieving high food consumption levels. Climate change was associated with a 10.15% decrease in the likelihood of adequate food consumption (Coefficient: −0.102; T-statistic: −45.77, p<0.001), emphasising the negative impact of environmental stress on food access. Notably, the interaction between climate change and household wage (Coefficient: 0.724; z = 14.56, p<0.001) showed positive influence indicating that wage stability can moderate the adverse effects of climate disruptions. In contrast, findings from Senegal revealed a marginally positive relationship between severe climate change exposure and food consumption (Coefficient: 0.219; p = 0.056), likely due to the presence of food aid, adaptation strategies, and coping mechanisms. However, the absence of female agricultural wage earners significantly reduced food consumption (Coefficient: −0.485; p = 0.003), reinforcing the importance of gender inclusion in the agricultural sector economy. Food purchases emerged as a critical determinant of food consumption in both countries, linking market access and household income directly to food security. This study recommends that policymakers implement integrated strategies that promote climate resilience, increase household income through wage diversification and empower women in agriculture. Therefore, investment in climate-smart agriculture, social protection programs, market stabilisation mechanisms, and gender-sensitive employment policies are essential to ensure sustainable food security in West Africa. Keywords: Climate Change, Food Security,
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    FINANCIAL PERFORMANCE OF WOMEN-LED STARTUPS IN LAGOS STATE, NIGERIA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) OSAROLUBE, Miracle Obarianasemi; Covenant University Thesis
    This study investigated the financial performance of women-led start-ups in Lagos State, Nigeria and identifies the challenges and the opportunities that women-led start-ups cope in the entrepreneurship environment. The quantitative research design was used to collect the data of 160 female-owned firms to determine the important financial measures (revenue growth, profitability, business growth, and return on investment) to assess the success of these businesses. It was found that though these start-ups show significant resilience and perceived capacity to grow, their reality of growth and their financial performance is limited by the lack of and easy accessibility to formal funds, inefficiency in operations and the socio-cultural impediments. The asymmetries of power towards informal institutions such as Ajo and Esusu illustrate the problematic nature of women access to institutional finance. Nevertheless, digital instruments, previous experience in the field of entrepreneurship, and capacity-building programs were discovered to moderate the performance just in moderated ways. To address the gaps, the study proposed specific policy interventions, better financial education and responsive financial products to women. This study made a contribution to literature, in that it presents context-sensitive information on the nature of structural and institutional actors involved in determining financial performance of women entrepreneurs in Nigeria, which has implication on realisation of inclusive economic growth and SDG 5.
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    TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATION, INDUSTRIAL ADAPTABILITY AND SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE OF SMEs IN SOUTHWEST NIGERIA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-04) KEHINDE SEGUN ISAAC; Covenant University Thesis
    Small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) tackle various obstacles when they attempt to achieve sustainable performance objectives. An exploration took place to study the sustainable behavior of South-west Nigerian SMEs together with their technological innovation capacity and industrial adaptability practices. The research utilized SPSS quantitative analysis together with SMART-PLS SEM to perform Structural Equation Modeling along with thematic analysis as part of a mixed-methods design to study SME sustainability factors. The research seeks to analyze how incremental innovation together with technology adoption and innovative culture and product innovation and process innovation impact the sustainable performance of Southwest Nigerian SMEs. SME owners and managers received 384 questionnaires which resulted in 351 valid responses. Different forms of innovation together with industrial adaptability demonstrate a vital function in determining sustainable performance of SMEs throughout the targeted region. Results demonstrate that incremental innovation plays a major role in strengthening sustainable performance levels of SMEs operating in Southwest Nigeria. SMEs achieve superior efficiency while becoming more competitive through their continuous practice of making small incremental improvements and adopting adaptations. Technology adoption plays a vital role in sustainable performance since it demonstrates that businesses need to embrace technological developments for sustainable growth and development. The promotion of innovative environments within SMEs produces major enhancement effects on sustainable performance measurements. A welcoming and experimental company atmosphere boosts both gradual and revolutionary innovation practices that lead to enduring achievements. The research findings show that product and process innovation deliver positive outcomes for sustainable performance because organizations should invest in new product creation and operational advancement. Industrial adaptability functions as a moderator that affects how technological innovation leads to sustainable performance outcomes. Flexible and responsive behavior of SMEs toward industrial changes plays a critical role in enhancing technological innovation effectiveness toward sustainable business growth. The relationships between innovation and SME performance and adaptability are explained by three theoretical constructs: Dynamic Capabilities Theory, Resource-Based View Theory and Absorptive Capacities Theory. Each framework shows SMEs how they should use their internal resources and external knowledge elements to maintain a path of sustainable growth. The study offers important findings which benefit Southwest Nigeria policymakers and both business leaders and stakeholders working in the region. Knowledge of technological innovation combined with industrial adaptability and small business performance will enable stakeholders to create powerful strategies that fuel SME development within the region to build economic sustainability. This research adds new empirical and theoretical information about factors impacting sustainable small and medium enterprise performance within Southwest Nigerian markets. The combination of innovation and technological adoption with adaptability capabilities enables SMEs to reach enduring success which benefiting the regional economic growth.
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    EFFECT OF TOTAL QUALITY MANAGEMENT ON CUSTOMER SATISFACTION. A STUDY OF COCA-COLA PLC, LAGOS STATE
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) BABALOLA OMONIYI SAMUEL; Covenant University Thesis
    This study investigates the impact of Total Quality Management (TQM) on customer satisfaction within the Nigerian soft drink production sector, focusing on Coca-Cola Plc in Lagos State. The research assesses how TQM practices influence product quality consistency, customer perceptions of value for money, employee performance, and overall organizational success. Using a descriptive research design, quantitative data were collected through surveys from employees, consumers, suppliers, and distributors. Findings reveal that continuous improvement initiatives significantly enhance product quality and consistency, leading to higher customer satisfaction. TQM practices positively influence pricing strategies and production efficiency, improving customer perceptions of value for money. The study also highlights the critical role of employee training and development in enhancing customer service interactions, correlating with increased satisfaction levels. Additionally, the research underscores the importance of a customer-centric culture and the strategic use of technology and innovation in fostering long-term customer loyalty and organizational success. Despite limitations such as the geographical focus on Lagos State alone and reliance on self-reported data, the study provides robust evidence supporting the effectiveness of TQM in the Nigerian soft drink industry. The research offers actionable recommendations for industry practitioners, including strengthening continuous improvement processes, enhancing employee training, improving customer feedback mechanisms, fostering supplier and distributor collaboration, leveraging technology, and promoting a customer-centric culture. The study concludes that adopting and continuously refining TQM practices can significantly enhance customer satisfaction and provide a competitive advantage in the Nigerian soft drink production sector.