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Chitosan-based nanoformulation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles
(Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials, 2025) Ahuekwe, E. F.; Aworunse, O. S.; Akinpelu, Sharon O.; Adekeye, B. T.; Abimbola, S.; Akinyemi, O. D.; Aladele, A. K.; Oyesile, O.; Ayomide, A. F.; Oniha, M. I.; Emelike, C. U.
Chitosans are biopolymers of chitin with remarkable properties, including biocompatibility, biodegradability, and antibacterial activity. Chitosanbased nanoparticles are useful vehicles for drug delivery in biomedicine, as they improve precision and reduce side effects in the administration of proteins and peptides, antibiotics, gene therapy, and cancer treatment. Furthermore, chitosan formulations improve the CT and magnetic resonance imaging scans’ sensitivity and precision, which makes tumor identification and diagnosis easier. The regenerative qualities of chitosan are useful in bone tissue engineering, wound healing, and tissue regeneration. Chitosan’s function in nanocatalysis is highlighted by its sustainability and environmental applications. It serves as a long-lasting support for metal catalysts such as gold and palladium, enabling environmentally friendly catalytic applications in a variety of sectors. Chitosan’s antibacterial effectiveness contributes to wastewater treatment, enhancing environmental sustainability. Chitosan-coated seeds and plant protection solutions enhance plant germination, promote plant growth, and provide a sustainable substitute for traditional pesticides in agriculture. Obstacles and prospects refinement of chitosan derivatives and nanoparticles are required to improve safety and lessen toxicity concerns. Sustainable and cost-effective synthesis techniques are essential for mass manufacturing and market penetration. Literature advises more research to fully maximize chitosan benefits in a variety of industries, such as food packaging, cosmetics, and sophisticated materials. Overall, the adaptability of chitosan nanoparticles underscores its potential for an array of industrial applications, healthcare, and environmental protection, leading to industrial transformations that support a sustainable future.
Chitosan-based nanoformulation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles
(In Chitosan-Based Nanoparticles for Biomedical Applications, 2024) Ahuekwe, E. F.; Aworunse, O. S.; Akinpelu, Sharon O.; Adekeye, B. T.; Abimbola, S.; Akinyemi, O. D.; Aladele, A. K.; Oyesile, O.; Ayomide, A. F.; Oniha, M. I.; Emelike, C. U.
Metal nanoparticles are derived from metallic precursors, usually nanoscale metals or metal oxides, metal phosphates, or metal sulfides. Several types of nanoparticles have been generated; concentration, pH, and substrate temperature have a substantial effect on the nanoparticles’ size, shape, and dimensions (Nair et al., 2022). Due to their diverse morphology, reactivity, optical properties of catalytic activity, and high adsorption, metal nanoparticles and oxides of metal nanoparticles are at the moment receiving a lot of attention (Chouke et al., 2022). These characteristics increase their suitability for myriad of uses in environmental detection, biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, the food industry, textile industry, and optoelectronics (Naseem & Durrani, 2021). Additionally, given their nanoscale size (,100 nm), metal nanoparticles and oxides of metal nanoparticles have a huge surface area of cooperation with cells, expansive reach antibacterial action, improved strength considerably under outrageous circumstances, surface properties, and compound pieces, which makes them a great contender for the (Fig. 5.1) advancement of compelling antimicrobial specialists (He et al., 2016). While zinc oxide, silver oxide, titanium dioxide, manganese oxide, oxides of cerium, oxides of magnesium, nanosized iron oxide, and zirconium oxide, together with aluminum oxide are commonly used metal oxide nanomaterials, common nanoparticles of metal include alginate, silver, platinum, zinc, titanium, iron, magnesium, copper, gold, and magnesium (Yaqoob et al., 2020). Characteristics and uses of metal nanoparticles together with oxides of metal nanoparticles are summarized in Table 5.1.