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Item Government’s motives and investor’s commitment in public-private partnership procurement system adoption(Sciendo, 2025) Amusan, Lekan; Ojelabi, Rapheal Abiodun; Adewolu, Adeoye Olugbenga; Olanipekun, Oladeji OlubunmiThe study examined the government’s motives - ment to infrastructure delivery. The study adopted a quan titative research method with a survey conducted using a structured questionnaire targeted at 384 respondents selected through random sampling. The data were ana lysed using mean, percentile and Pearson correlation sta tistical tools. The study identified 17 key motives respon sible for the government adopting PPP in socio-economic infrastructure delivery. These motives were factored into three main groups: public infrastructure maintenance, financial and economic benefits; improved discipline in the contractual relationship and predictable path in infra structure delivery and integration of innovative approach in enhancing infrastructure delivery. Therefore, the relationships between the three factored government’s motives and investor’s commitments, including finance, management, technical and operational services in PPP, were tested using the Pearson correlation statistical tool. The results showed that the motive for public infrastructure maintenance, financial and economic benefits of the government in PPP showed a significant relationship with the four services commitment of private partners. Also, the government’s motive for improved discipline in the contractual relationship and predictable path in infrastructure delivery showed significant relationships with technical, finance and management commit ments of investors. Lastly, the government’s motive for the integration of innovative approaches in enhancing infrastructure delivery showed a significant relationship with only technical commitment. The outcome indicates that factors measuring government motive and investor's services commitment are mutually dependent and critical in ensuring a sustained relationship among stakeholders in a PPP arrangement for infrastructure procurement.Item Stakeholders’ perspectives on addressing climate change and respiratory health impacts in Nigeria(Pan African Medical Journal, 2025) Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Iseolorunkanmi, Alexander; Niyi-Odumosu, Faatihah; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Ale, Boni Maxime; Adeloye, Davies; Ozoh, Obianuju BeatriceThe impacts of climate change on respiratory health are increasingly becoming a significant challenge in Nigerian cities, particularly in Lagos and Ogun States. Engaging stakeholders in discussions about climate change and health is crucial for addressing these challenges. The climate change and respiratory health (C2Rest) Nigeria Study team facilitated a stakeholder engagement to discuss climate change and health impacts in Nigeria, aiming to explore feasible solutions relevant to research, policy, and practice. A stakeholder meeting was conducted on April 23rd, 2024, involving from Gardner´s climate change engagement pathways, which examine key drivers (8 questions), barriers (7 questions), and adaptation pathways (3 questions). Data were collected through note-taking, written contributions, audio and video recording, and subsequently transcribed and analysed thematically. A total of 42 registered participants, comprising government officials, academicians, healthcare professionals, community and religious leaders, attended the stakeholder engagement meeting. Participants made group presentations and submitted a total of 380 written contributions. There were varying views on the drivers of climate change, but there was consensus that the most vulnerable populations include the poor, homeless, pregnant women, children, the elderly, and individuals with underlying health conditions. An important barrier identified was the sociocultural belief that climate change is an act of God or spirits. Financial constraints were a recurrent theme in discussions about mitigation and adaptation to climate change. This report provides valuable information on the most vulnerable population to the effects of climate change in Nigeria and identifies sociocultural beliefs and financial constraints as key barriers to the adoption of effective mitigation and adaptation behaviors.Item Epidemiological and Seasonal Patterns of Respiratory Diseases at a Community Health Facility in Southwest Nigeria: A Five-Year Retrospective Analysis(The Open Public Health Journal, 2025) Oshamika, Oyewumi Oluwaseun; Adebanjo, Ademola Oyeyemi; Onile-ere, Olabode Azeez; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Eni, Angela ObiagelItem Prevalence and associated risk factors of Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization among a cohort of immunocompromised individuals in Lagos, Nigeria(BMC Infectious Diseases, 2025) Ogunleye, Bimpe O.; Oshamika, Oyewumi O.; Akinpelu, Sharon O.; Ajayi, Ayodeji S.; Akinduti, Paul A.; Oyedeji, Kolawole S.; Odeniy, Olalekan M.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.Background Immunocompromised individuals are highly vulnerable to Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) infections, leading to increased morbidity and mortality. This study aimed to assess the prevalence, virulence, and risk factors associated with S. aureus nasal carriage among immunocompromised individuals in Lagos, Nigeria. Methods A total of 350 participants were enrolled, including 150 HIV/AIDS cases, 50 HIV/TB co-infections, 100 diabetes cases, and 50 controls. Nasal swabs were collected and cultured on Mannitol salt agar for the isolation of Staphylococcus aureus. Presumptive isolates were confirmed using Gram staining, catalase, and coagulase tests. Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method in accordance with CLSI guidelines. Molecular detection of resistance and virulence genes was performed using PCR targeting the mecA gene (methicillin resistance) and pvl (Panton-Valentine leukocidin). A structured questionnaire capturing clinical history and hygiene practices was used to evaluate risk factors for S. aureus carriage. Results The overall prevalence of S. aureus was 14.6% (51/350), S. aureus was isolated in 28% (14/50) of controls, 16.7% (25/150) of HIV/AIDS patients, 14% (7/50) of HIV/TB cases and 5% (5/100) of diabetes cases. Susceptibility to erythromycin was 80.4%, gentamycin, ciprofloxacin and Sulfamethoxazole-Trimethoprim (64.7%) among all S. aureus isolated. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) was detected in 78.4% (40/51) of isolates, predominantly among HIV/AIDS patients (52.5%). pvl genes were identified in 11.8% (6/51) of isolates. S. aureus carriage was significantly associated with recent antibiotic use (p = 0.003) and contact with animals (p = 0.018). Conclusion This study demonstrates a high prevalence of S. aureus among controls compared to immunocompromised individuals. These results highlight the need for further studies to elucidate the relationship between host factors and S. aureus colonization. This could inform targeted strategies for infection prevention and control.Item Age-specific patterns of breast cancer in Nigerian women unraveled through histological analysis(Scientific Reports, 2025) Effiong, Magdalene Eno; Chinedu, Shalom Nwodo; Afolabi, Israel Sunmola; Ezike, Kevin Nwabueze; Oguntebi, Emmanuel Eyitayo; Abdul, Oluwasesan Adelowo; Achusi, Izuchukwu Benerdin; Benye, Tolulope Aanuoluwapo; Omunagbe, Mercy Bella; Ogbodo, Peace NzubechukwuSub-Saharan African women face a high burden of breast cancer, influenced by genetic and lifestyle factors. However, the lack of comprehensive, age-stratified data hinders the identification of risk factors and the development of effective, population-specific interventions. This study aimed to assess age-related variations in breast cancer prevalence among Nigerian women, providing insight into associated risk factors and disease trends. A retrospective review of 3,263 breast histopathology records (9.46% of total from 2015 to 2023) was conducted. Lesions—benign and malignant—were analyzed across five age groups: children and adolescents (0–19), young adults (20–39), middle-aged (40–59), higher-aged (60–79), and elderly (≥ 80), using MS Excel and GraphPad Prism 8.0. Statistical comparisons were performed by age and lesion type. Most cases were in young adults (45.97%) and middle-aged women (33.83%). The left breast was more commonly affected (46.86%) and had higher malignancy rates than the right (44.41%) or bilateral lesions (7.20%). Benign lesions were predominant (56.76%), especially among young adults (57.34%). Malignancy incidence increased with age, peaking in middle-aged women (53.30%). Fibroadenoma was the most frequent benign lesion in children and adolescents and young adults, while fibrosis predominated in middle age. Invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) was the leading malignant subtype, with a sharp rise by 2023—particularly among middle-aged (172 cases) and young adult women (71 cases). Among 339 immunohistochemically profiled cases, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC; 42.77%) and ER+/PR+ tumors (36.87%) were most common. TNBC was the only subtype detected in children and adolescents. Middle-aged women bore the highest burden of all subtypes, with a marked increase in TNBC and ER+/PR+ cases in 2023. The rising incidence of aggressive subtypes, particularly TNBC, highlights the need for enhanced molecular diagnostics and personalized therapies. Age-specific trends reinforce the urgency for targeted screening, especially for young and middle-aged Nigerian women.Item Knowledge, practices, and perceptions towards malaria prevention and control among Residents of Canaanland and surrounding areas in Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria: a cross-sectional study(Frontiers in Tropical Diseases, 2025-10-13) Wakai, Theophilus N.; Fiamitia, Carrin; Kintung, Irrinus; Johngwe, Mac; Chinedu, Shalom; Afolabi, Israel S.Item Screening of Germline BRCA1 and BRCA2 Variants in Nigerian Breast Cancer Patients(Technology in Cancer Research & Treatment Volume 24, 2025) Onyia, Abimbola F.; Jibrin, Paul; Olatunji-Agunbiade, Temitope; Oyekan, Ademola; Lawal, AbdulRazzaq; Alabi, Adewumi; Sowunmi, Anthonia C.; Aje, Eben A.; Ogunniyi, Oluwabusayo B; Nkom, Ebenezer S.; De Campos, Opeyemi C.; Rotimi, Oluwakemi A.; Oyelade, Jelili O.; Rotimi, Solomon O.Background: Breast cancer remains a leading cause of mortality among Nigerian women, with triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) being particularly prevalent. Variations in BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes remain key risk factors for this disease. However, there are gaps in the frequency and spectrum of these variants in Nigerian populations, as well as a dearth in the local capacity to characterize these variations. Objective: This study aimed at identifying and characterizing the germline variations in BRCA1/2 in Nigerian breast cancer patients and healthy age-matched controls to understand the genetic risk profile of breast cancer in this population. Methods: A prospective case-control study was conducted involving 45 breast cancer patients and 51 controls recruited from four major hospitals. DNA was extracted from blood samples, followed by targeted sequencing of BRCA1/2 exonic and intronic regions using the Ampliseq BRCA panel and Illumina MiSeq platform. Variant calling was performed, clinical significance was evaluated on ClinVar and BRCA Exchange databases, and haplotype analysis was performed using NIH LDlink and Haploview 4.2 software. Results: Pathogenic BRCA1/2 variants were identified in 6.7% of breast cancer patients, all with TNBC and a family history of cancer. Two pathogenic BRCA1 variants were detected: a frameshift deletion BRCA1 c.133_134delAA (p.Lys45 fs) (rs397508857) and a missense variant BRCA1 c.5324T >A (p.Met1775Arg) (rs41293463). A BRCA2 frameshift deletion BRCA2 c.8817_8820del (p.Lys2939 fs) (rs397508010) was also identified. These variants were absent in controls. Haplotype analysis revealed distinct BRCA1 and BRCA2 haplotypes in the breast cancer group. Conclusion: This study identifies key BRCA1/2 pathogenic variants and unique haplotypes in Nigerian breast cancer patients, highlighting the need for population-specific genetic screening. Integrating genetic testing into breast cancer management strategies could facilitate early detection, personalized treatment planning, and genetic counseling in Nigeria.Item Modelling and Prediction of Satellite Signal Path Loss using the ARIMA models at Ku-band in Lagos State, South Western Nigeria(ICSSD 2024 (IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science), 2025) Arijaje, T. E.; Omotosho, T. V; Aizebeokhai, A. P.; Akinwumi S. A.; Oyeyemi, K. D.Satellite signal path loss is the reduction of signal strength between the transmitting satellite and the receiving antennas on the earth surface. It is cause by effects such as reflection, free space loss, diffraction, refraction and absorption. It is also cause as a results of the environment, terrain contours, medium of propagation, height of antennas location and transmitting distance between the transmitter and receiver. Several methods such as the traditional methods and machine learning techniques have been explored. However, statistical method of path loss prediction has been completely utilized. In this work, prediction of path loss using the autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) technique was considered. Four different ARIMA models at Ku-band were explored using eight years in Lagos State. The method consists of some steps in the run time analysis: the first stage involved identifying the ARIMA model by creating an Autocorrelation Function (ACF) and Partial Autocorrelation Function (PACF) plots and checking if the data are stationary. The second stage involved estimating the ARIMA model, which consists in testing the parameters' significance after obtaining the model's parameters. The ARIMA model is adopted if the parameters are significant. The third stage involved diagnostic checking, in which a test was carried out to see if the adopted model was statistically significant. The fourth stage involves predicting the path loss after the diagnostic process using the adopted or selected ARIMA model. From the analysis, it can be concluded that the best ARIMA model for path loss prediction in Lagos at Ku-band is ARIMA (1,0,0). The ARIMA (1,0,0) model is a better path loss prediction model than the other ARIMA models, indicating that the model parameters are significant at 0.05 with the slightest MSE error, thereby meeting the test of independence. Therefore, for sitting and planning of radio signal propagation technologies in the study location, policy-makers and engineers in telecommunication industry in Nigeria can take advantage of the results within the area of study towards sustainable tele-communication and infrastructure (SDG goal 9).Item Methods of Intellectual Property Valuation in Nigeria: Preference of Estate Surveyors and Valuers in Southwest, Nigeria.(Journal of Harbin Engineering University Vol 46 No. 7, 2025-06) Ibisola, A. S.; Ayedun, C. A.; OLOKE, Olayinka C.Estate Surveyors and Valuers (ESVs) are by laws, education and training recognised and adjudged as the most qualified professionals to determine the value of interests in property in Nigeria. In doing this, many processes and ingredients are necessary to be blended together to arrive at acceptable and market compliance value. One of such tools or ingredients are the methods of valuation adopted in the course of the valuation processes for different purposes and at a specific point in time. This study evaluates the preference of ESVs among the various methods of IP valuation in Nigeria. Total number of 247 questionnaires was used to elicit data from the practicing ESVs in Southwest, Nigeria. The data obtained were analysed with the use of Relative Importance Index (RII). It was found that the sampled ESVs preferred the use of Rule of Thumbs methods of IP valuation on the basis that the methods are very easy to use and devoid of rigorous calculations. Findings further showed that ESVs preferred the use of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) and premium profits approaches as variants of income-based methods. The study therefore recommended the inclusion of valuation of IP in the valuation curricula of institutions offering Estate Management in the study area.Item PREDICTION OF THE SPREAD OF MALARIA IN PLATEAU STATE: A MACHINE LEARNING APPROACH(Covenant University Ota, 2025-08) EGAH, Daniel Owhlama; Covenant University DissertationMalaria remains a major public health concern in Plateau State, Nigeria, with seasonal surges driven by climatic, environmental, and socio-economic factors. Despite various control interventions, locally adapted predictive models are scarce, limiting proactive disease control measures. This study aimed to develop and evaluate machine learning models capable of forecasting malaria incidence across the state, thereby supporting targeted prevention and control strategies. Using a ten-year dataset (2014– 2023) covering confirmed malaria cases, rainfall, temperature, and relative humidity for all 17 Local Government Areas (LGAs) of Plateau State, the data were preprocessed through cleaning, normalization, and integration of climatic and epidemiological variables. Three supervised machine learning algorithms—Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), and Extreme Gradient Boosting (XGBoost)— were trained for both regression and classification tasks, and their performance was evaluated using Mean Squared Error (MSE), Coefficient of Determination (R2), accuracy, precision, recall, and F1-score. For classification, the Random Forest model achieved the highest accuracy (63.4%) with balanced precision and recall, followed by XGBoost, while SVM exhibited higher recall for class 0 but markedly lower performance for class 1. For regression, XGBoost outperformed all models, yielding the lowest MSE (554,539) and highest R2 (0.587), followed by Random Forest (R2 = 0.562), while SVM recorded a negative R2 (-0.037), indicating poor fit. The study concludes that tree-based ensemble models, particularly XGBoost, offer superior predictive capabilities for malaria incidence in Plateau State. It is recommended that such predictive models be integrated into the state’s malaria surveillance systems, retrained periodically with updated climatic and epidemiological data, and expanded to include socio-economic and intervention coverage variables for improved accuracy and operational relevance