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    ASSESSMENT OF PEDESTRIAN CIRCULATION STRATEGIES IN THE DESIGN OF HIGH-SPEED TRAIN TERMINAL, IJOKO, NIGERIA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Nzeh Millicent Eberechukwu; Covenant University Dissertation
    Urban public transportation availability, which has tremendous potential to replace private vehicle use, is a dire need in the 21st Century. This is because of the continuous increase in global urbanisation. The heartbeat of transit systems within large cities is train terminals, which have gained prominence since the Industrial Era. However, minute consideration has been given to the planning of pedestrian circulation and the unique requirements of passengers within train terminals, posing a threat to the safety and efficiency of these transportation systems. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate pedestrian circulation in existing train terminals with a view to implementing strategies that enhance user experience in the design of a high-speed train terminal in Ijoko, Ogun. A mixed-method approach is adopted as the research approach, involving the qualitative and quantitative aspects. The qualitative aspect involved examining and obtaining data from three selected Nigerian train terminals and four foreign train terminals used as the case studies. Conversely, quantitative data were harnessed by a questionnaire from fifty-five users of train stations. For a comprehensive analysis of the quantitative data, version 27 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used. Tables, figures and plates were utilised to present the research results effectively. The mean ranking of the implemented pedestrian circulation strategies within the three local case studies was computed using SPSS. Similarly, the pedestrian circulation strategies’ portion of variance and sphericity of correlation matrix were also thoroughly computed through the Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin’s (KMO) and Bartlett’s tests, respectively. The appropriate size and positioning of vertical circulation and horizontal circulation systems, as well as the availability of signage showing the building’s functional spaces, are some of the pertinent pedestrian circulation strategies that influence satisfaction with the overall user experience in train terminals. This research study deeply explores important considerations for optimal pedestrian circulation through the proposal of an architectural design of a high-speed train terminal in Ogun State, Nigeria. The findings will be useful to built industry professionals involved in the design of high-speed train terminals. Three of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) are advocated for in this study, which are the ninth goal of “industry, innovation, and infrastructure”; the eleventh goal of “sustainable cities and communities”; and the third goal of “good health and well-being”
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    EVALUATION OF INCLUSIVE ARCHITECTURE STRATEGIES FOR THE DESIGN OF GRANGE SECONDARY SCHOOL, VICTORIA GARDEN CITY, LAGOS NIGERIA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) Kponu, Jemima Usinzibe; Covenant University Dissertation
    This thesis investigates the adoption of inclusive architecture strategies in the design of Grange secondary school in Victoria Garden City (VGC), Lagos, Nigeria. The study aims to improve the equality of users' experiences through the intentional application of inclusive architectural principles that accommodate diverse physical and sensory needs, particularly those of students with visual impairments. Grounded in the framework of universal design, the study aligns with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) 4 (inclusive and equitable quality education), 10 (reducing inequalities), and 11 (making cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient, and sustainable). It addresses the ongoing marginalisation of users in educational environments due to spatial and sensory barriers that limit access, autonomy, and participation. A mixed methods approach was employed, comprising an extensive literature review, structured observation guides used during site visits to existing secondary schools, and the administration of questionnaires to students with visual impairments. These methods facilitated a critical evaluation of current school environments, enabling the identification of missing inclusive design strategies and their impact on users' experiences. The findings reveal that inclusive design is significantly under implemented in Lagos secondary schools. Most institutions lack basic architectural features such as ramps, handrails, tactile guidance surfaces, barrier free circulation paths, and legible spatial layouts. These omissions result in increased reliance on others, restricted movement, and heightened risk for students with disabilities. The research emphasises that these spatial deficiencies can be overcome by embedding inclusive design early in the architectural process through context responsive, multisensory, and human centred solutions. The study culminates in the design of a model inclusive secondary school in VGC. The proposal features tactile and auditory wayfinding systems, accessible circulation, clearly zoned learning spaces, appropriate lighting and acoustics, and sustainable climate responsive elements. These strategies are integrated from the outset, not as afterthoughts framing inclusion as a foundational architectural value. In addition to contributing to architectural theory and design practice, the study reinforces the critical role of inclusive school environments in advancing social equity. By translating global development goals into spatial strategies, it presents a replicable architectural model for addressing educational and infrastructural inequality in Nigeria and other rapidly urbanising contexts
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    INVESTIGATION OF PLACEMAKING PRINCIPLES FOR THE DESIGN OF CONTEMPORARY GROUP SOCIALLY INCLUSIVE COMMUNITY CENTER IN ASABA, NIGERIA
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-07) IKEMEFUNA, Ifeadikachi Divine-Glory; Covenant University Dissertation
    This research investigates the integration of placemaking concepts in the design of a socially inclusive landscape for a community center in Asaba, Delta State, Nigeria. Recognizing the increasing need for public spaces that foster social cohesion amidst urbanization, the study explores how landscape architecture and participatory design can enhance community interaction and inclusivity. Through a mixed-method approach involving case studies of existing community centers and user satisfaction surveys, the research identifies the effectiveness of current design strategies and evaluates their social impact. Findings reveal that landscape elements, cultural expression, accessibility, and flexible use of space are critical to fostering inclusive, engaging, and resilient community environments. Building on these insights, the study proposes a design framework grounded in placemaking principles, emphasizing people-centered design, environmental responsiveness, and sociocultural integration. The final design proposal envisions a multifunctional community center that serves as a social, educational, and recreational hub for Asaba, tailored to local needs while aligning with global Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This study contributes to the discourse on architecture’s role in social development and offers practical guidelines for implementing socially inclusive placemaking strategies in the Nigerian context.
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    Evaluation of Fire Safety Management Strategies in Selected Shopping Malls in Abuja, Nigeria
    (F1000Research, 2025-04) Sholanke Anthony Babatunde; Dimuna K. O.; Olukayode B. G.
    Background Incessant incidences have led to losses of several lives and huge investments in many developing countries, particularly Nigeria. This study evaluated fire safety management strategies of selected shopping malls in the city of Abuja, Nigeria in order to identify specific areas that require improvement. Methods The research adopted a case study approach and analysis of data through qualitative means. An observation guide designed for the study was used to collect data. The data were content analysed and the findings reported in themes with the aid of tables and photographs to enhance clarity and understanding. Results The result revealed that the efficacy of active fire safety strategies of the shopping malls exhibited various levels of inadequacies. Fire prevention devices such as sprinklers, smoke detectors and drenchers were either not provided or sparsely provided. The prevalent firemitigation devices found in the malls were fire extinguishers and fire buckets, which are grossly inadequate to prevent the rapid spread of large-scale fire. The passive fire safety measures of the malls also exhibited some levels of inadequacies. The study underscored the need for fire safety strategies in public buildings, particularly largescale commercial structures with high capacity of users, to be adequately provided and managed in adherence to standard practice and building code requirements. Conclusion The study recommends that building professionals should adapt innovative means to mitigate fire risk in the planning and development of commercial buildings. Also, making provisions to accommodate impulsive human behaviour during times of chaos should be a primary design consideration for building designers. The study emphasizes the need for further attention and improvement in fire safety management strategies implementation in commercial buildings, especially large-scale public facilities such as shopping malls, in order to appreciably guide against the devastating effect of fire in case of an occurrence.
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    Frequency Of BRCA1 Polymorphisms (rs799917 and rs1799966) Among Nigerian Breast Cancer Patients
    (Covenant University Ota, 2025-03) OGUNNIYI, OLUWABUSAYO BUNMI; Covenant University, Dissertation
    Breast cancer (BCa) is the most diagnosed malignancy among women worldwide, with an estimated 2.3 million new cases and 666,103 deaths recorded in 2022. In Nigeria, BCa remains the leading cause of cancer-related mortality among women, accounting for 32,278 (25.3%) new cases and 16,322 (20.5%) deaths in 2022. Breast cancer gene 1 (BRCA1) is a tumour suppressor gene involved in DNA damage repair, cell cycle regulation, and maintenance of genome stability. Studies suggest that genetic factors, such as Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) in the BRCA1 genes, play a pivotal role in the development of cancers. The BRCA1 gene harbors specific SNPs within its coding sequence, including rs799917 and rs1799966. These SNPs interfere with the interaction between BRCA1 mRNA and miR-638, significantly decreasing BRCA1 expression among individuals carrying these variants. Several studies have reported correlations between BRCA1 polymorphisms rs799917 and rs1799966 with the risk of BCa. However, this relationship remains controversial. This study assesses the frequency of BRCA1 rs799917 and rs1799966 polymorphisms and their association with BCa in Nigeria. The case-control study included 500 BCa patients and 200 paired healthy controls. TaqMan genotyping assay was used to determine the genotypes of rs799917 and rs1799966 polymorphisms. Using logistic regression and Pearson's chi-square test, a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) was identified in the genotype frequencies. The G allele of rs799917(p= 0.017; OR: 1.39) showed significant associations with the risk of breast cancer in Nigeria and, while globally reported as the wild-type allele, is observed as the variant allele in our population. The C Allele of rs1799966 confers a protective risk against breast cancer. Further study should focus on functional genomics to evaluate the interaction between miR-638 and the mRNA in individuals carrying this SNP, particularly in the Nigerian population. Keywords: breast