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Author: search.filters.author.Okon, Emmanuel E.

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    Hydrogeophysical Investigation in Parts of the Eastern Dahomey Basin, Southwestern Nigeria: Implications for Sustainable Groundwater Resources Development and Management
    (MDPI, Basel, Switzerland, 2023) Oyeyemi, Kehinde D.; Aizebeokhai, Ahzegbobor P.; Olaojo, Abayomi A.; Okon, Emmanuel E.; Kalu, Divine V.; Metwaly, Mohamed
    Geoelectrical resistivity measurements were conducted in five locations within the eastern portion of the Dahomey basin for the purpose of subsurface evaluation and detecting saturated zones. The locations are Covenant University (L1), Bells University (L2), Oju-Ore-Ilogbo Road (L3), Obasanjo-Ijagba Road (L4), and Iyana Iyesi (L5). The study was carried out to avert the common challenges of drilling low-yield groundwater boreholes in the area. A total of 30 Vertical Electrical Soundings (VES) and five two-dimensional Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) data sets have been acquired along the study areas. The geoelectrical resistivity results were integrated with the borehole logs to generate the spatial distribution of the subsurface lithologies in the area. The delineated subsurface lithologies include the topsoil (lateritic clay), clayey sand, sandy clay, fine silty sand, coarse sand, and shale/clay units. The fine silty sand and coarse sand units were identified as the two main aquifer units within the area. The depths to the upper aquifer unit in the area include 31.7–96.7 m, 38.5–94.0 m, 30.7–57.5 m, 39.1–63.4 m, and 46.9–57.5 m for locations L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5, respectively. At the same time, the depths to the lower aquifer unit in the area include 43.4–112.7 m, 52.2–108.0 m, 44.2–72.5 m, 53.7–78.5 m, and 63.5–72.9 m for locations L1, L2, L3, L4, and L5, respectively. The estimated hydraulic parameters for both aquifers show they are highly productive with mean porosity, mean hydraulic conductivity, and mean transmissivity of 20–22%, 12.4–17.0 × 10−2 m/s, 1.56–2.18 m2/s for the upper aquifer, and 48–50%, 371–478 × 10−2 m/s, 50.00–62.14 m2/s for the lower aquifer. By focusing on these aquifer systems during exploration, sustainable groundwater resources can be secured, providing relief to homeowners within the study area who might otherwise face the frustration of drilling unproductive and low-yield boreholes. However, it is crucial to consider the presence of sub-vertical faults in the study area, as these faults can significantly impact groundwater development and management. These sub-vertical structural faults may lead to changes in the permeability, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity of the delineated aquifers, affecting their productivity across the divide and ultimately influencing the overall water availability in the area. Careful consideration of these geological factors is essential for effective aquifer management and sustainable groundwater utilisation.
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    Hydrogeophysical Investigations for Groundwater Resources Sustainability in Parts of the Eastern Dahomey Basin, Nigeria
    (ImprintCRC Press, 2024) Oyeyemi, Kehinde D.; Aizebeokhai, Ahzegbobor P.; Okon, Emmanuel E.; Oladunjoye, Michael A.
    Geophysical surveys including geoelectrical resistivity and time-domain induced polarization (IP) techniques have been conducted in Ota in Eastern Dahomey Basin. Thirty vertical electrical sounding (VES) profilings were conducted using a Schlumberger array with an AB/2 range of 180–240 m. Two profiles of 2D electrical resistivity imaging and IP surveys were conducted with Wenner array configuration. The delineated geoelectric layers are topsoil (lateritic clay), clayey sand, sandy clay, sand, and shale or clay units. Two aquifers were delineated in the area with the upper aquifer being a fine-to-medium sand and the lower aquifer of a poorly medium-to-coarse sand unit. The aquifer resistivity ranges are 347.4–411.4 https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> Ω m https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west 1.amazonaws.com/9781003454908/c35032d3-f666-459f-b1ca a1b405d5a7b1/content/C025_equ_0001.tif"/> and 104.5–143.3 https://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"> Ω m https://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xlink:href="https://s3-euw1-ap-pe-df-pch-content-public-p.s3.eu-west 1.amazonaws.com/9781003454908/c35032d3-f666-459f-b1ca a1b405d5a7b1/content/C025_equ_0001.tif"/> for the upper and lower aquifer, respectively. The hydraulic parameters of both aquifers were estimated using established mathematical relations. The upper aquifer has porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity ranges of 19.1% 21.8%, 10.8 × 10−2 (m/s)–17.0 × 10−2 (m/s), and 1.49–2.4 (m2/s), while the lower aquifer unit has porosity, hydraulic conductivity, and transmissivity values of 43%–55%, 248 × 10−2–782 × 10−2 (m/s), and 34.72–101.66 (m2/s). High hydraulic parameters in the two aquifers are important for sustainable groundwater development, ensuring efficient use and protection of this vital resource. Their significance extends to promoting regional economic growth by supporting agriculture, industries, and tourism. Mapping faults in the area highlights the need for hydrogeological modeling to discern their impact on aquifer parameters, vital for precise resource management, and predicting potential effects on availability and quality.