Department of Biological Sciences

Permanent URI for this communityhttp://itsupport.cu.edu.ng:4000/handle/123456789/28749

Welcome to the Department of Biological Sciences

Browse

Subject: search.filters.subject.In vivo

Search Results

Now showing 1 - 2 of 2
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    IN VIVO IN VITRO ANTI-PLASMODIAL ACTIVITY OF CHEMICALLY SYNTHESISED IMIDAZOLE COMPOUNDS
    (Covenant University, Ota, 2026-09) OJO, Oluwaferanmi Esther; Covenant University, Dissertation
    Malaria remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally, with the continued emergence of Plasmodium falciparum resistance to artemisinin-based therapies rendering the identification of novel chemotherapeutic scaffolds an urgent priority. The imidazole family of compounds, with their adaptable framework and ability to engage parasite-specific targets such as falcipain-2 and hemozoin biosynthesis machinery, represent compelling synthetic leads. This study evaluates the in vitro anti-plasmodial activity and in vivo efficacy and safety profiles of two newly synthesised compounds: 4,5-diphenyl-2-(m-tolyl)-1H-imidazole (IM1) and 4,5-diphenyl-2- (m-tolyl)-1-tosyl-1H-imidazole (IM2). In vitro susceptibility was assessed using a schizont maturation inhibition assay against the chloroquine-sensitive P. falciparum 3D7 strain. In vivo evaluation employed Peter's 4-d suppressive test in P. berghei ANKA-infected Swiss albino mice administered oral doses of 20–400 mg/kg. Acute toxicity was assessed according to the OECD 423 guidelines through haematological, biochemical, oxidative stress, and histopathological analyses. In vitro, IM1 demonstrated higher intrinsic potency, exhibiting a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 3.6 ± 0.2 μg/mL compared to 7.8 ± 0.5 μg/mL for IM2. However, in vivo evaluation revealed a distinct efficacy paradox: IM2 demonstrated superior systemic efficacy, achieving up to 68% parasitaemia suppression at 400 mg/kg, surpassing the 52% suppression observed with IM1. IM2 also significantly extended the mean survival time of infected mice to 12.3 d, compared with 8.1 d for untreated controls. Systemically, IM2 maintained physiological homeostasis, preserved hepatic and renal architecture, and induced significant modulation and stabilization of circulating lymphocytes (p=0.049), compared with the abnormal increase observed in untreated infections. A strong positive correlation between malondialdehyde and glutathione (r=0.839, p=0.005) indicated a well-tolerated, reactive oxygen species-mediated parasiticidal mechanism for IM2. On the other hand, high-dose IM1 (400 mg/kg) induced dose-dependent hepatotoxicity, as evidenced by elevated alanine aminotransferase (44.47 U/L) and histopathological evidence of hepatocyte vacuolation. Ultimately, whilst IM1's highly lipophilic core necessitates structural optimization to mitigate hepatic stress, IM2 represents a promising lead compound that requires further pre-clinical investigations.
  • No Thumbnail Available
    Item
    In vivo Evaluation of Plant Extracts against Common Phytopathogenic Fungi Isolated from Pawpaw (Carica papaya L.)
    (IOP Conf. Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 2025) Oniha, M. I.; Eni, A. O.; Akinnola, Olayemi O.; Omonigbehin, E. A.; Adegboye, B. E.; Taiwo, O. S.; Odetunmibi, O.A.; Oyejide, S.O.; Aina, M.O.; Isibor, P. O.; Ahuekwe, E.F.
    Plants possess various efficacious natural products to curtailing various problems associated with man and his environment. Fungi cause significant postharvest losses to global pawpaw (Carica papaya) production, particularly in Africa. Current control methods focus primarily on synthetic fungicides that are hazardous to the environment, while plant-based fungicides are characterised with biofriendly and costeffective potential. In this study, three plant extracts were investigated for their in vivo antifungal property opposed to three phytopathogenic mycoflora isolated from Carica papaya post harvest. Aqueous extracts of Moringa oleifera, Telfaira occidentalis and Bauhinia monandra leaves were evaluated at aaglomerations of 150 mg/ml and 75 mg/ml for their antifungal properties in papaya fruits for 7 days. In vivo antifungal evaluation revealed that the three plant extracts showed varying degrees of inhibitory activity against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus and Rhizopus oryzae. Of the three evaluated plants, B. monandra showed higher antifungal activity during the post-inoculation period. The concentration of 150 mg/ml of aqueous extracts of the plants preserved the fruits and inhibited fungal growth in a range of 3-5 days, while the 75mg/ml concentration of Moringa oleifera, Telfiaria occidentalis and Bauhinia monandria inhibited fungal growth for 3, 2 and 3 days after inoculation, respectively. Significant weight loss was observed in fruits inoculated for both treatments and controls at both concentrations (p-value <0.05). This experimentation has ssubstantiated that the aqueous leaf extracts of M. oleifera, T. occidentalis, and B. monandra possess the potential as natural antifungals for the control and management of fungal diseases