College of Leadership and Development Studies

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    From ‘citizen diplomacy’ to ‘harsh border diplomacy’: Debating the relevance of Afrocentrism in Nigeria’s contemporary Foreign policy
    (Ikenga International Journal of Institute of african studies Vol. 25, No. 3, 2024) Omotuyi Sunday; Apeloko O. D.; Bello Moruf A.; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina
    Nigerian political leadership at independence crafted an African-centred foreign policy as an aspiring regional hegemon. It relentlessly pursued this ‘Manifest Destiny’ by mobilizing its human, and material resources to several African states in a bid to carve a putative regional influence in the continent. Though successive governments have internalized this unique foreign policy thrust over the years, the return to democratic governance in late 1999 has, however, seen a decline in Nigeria's commitment to the ideals of Afrocentrism. While Yar’Adua’s ‘Citizenship Diplomacy’ and Buhari’s ‘Border closure’ are a response to the plethora of domestic challenges, they nonetheless present a challenge to Nigeria’s traditional African diplomacy. This study, which relies on secondary data, contends that Nigeria’s contemporary foreign policy thrusts represent the irrelevance of Afrocentrism. It also argues that the relegation of the Africafocused external relations would have implications for Nigeria’s continental leadership aspiration, and peace in West Africa specifically. Therefore, the findings of the study revealed that the erosion of the Nigerian hegemonic leadership in the ECOWAS region will encourage interventions of extra-African actors in the African crises.
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    JUNGLE JUSTICE AND RULE OF LAW IN NIGERIA: THE IMPLICATIONS ON ACHIEVING SOCIETAL STABILITY AND SDG-16
    (Journal of Lifestyle & SDG's Review Vol. 5, 2024) Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Ezebuilo Paul Chibuike; Owa Owa Egbara; Ofuonye Joseph Ndubuisi
    Objectives: This study explores the effect of jungle justice on the rule of law and its implications for achieving societal stability and SDG-16. Theoretical Framework: Systems theory was adopted for the underpinnings of this study. Method: Qualitative descriptive research design method, i.e. secondary data collection, was sourced via textbooks, magazines, journals, official reports, newspapers, and internet materials. Content analysis and Logical Data Framework were adopted to analyse the themes and critical indicators empirically. Result and Discussion: The study finds out that jungle justice has neglected the rule of law, creating tension and instability in society and limiting the effort towards achieving SDG-16. The study concludes that the high level of crime, injustice and insecurity has birthed the neglect of the rule of law in Nigeria. This study recommends implementing anti-jungle justice policies to revalidate the values of the rule of law towards fostering SDG-16 to achieve a stable society, public education, reorientation and enlightenment, good governance and systemic reform. Research Implications: This study's policy implications are embedded in the fact that policymakers will be more guided on the best strategies to adhere to and sustain the rule of law for sustainable societal stability.
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    Civil Society Organizations and Sustenance of Democratization in Nigeria
    (African Journal of Politics and Administrative Studies 16(1), 2023-06) Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Ojo Samuel Segun
    Various socioeconomic and political developments in Nigeria have necessitated avalanche of interventions of several civil society organizations (CSOs) with which they would sustain democratic practices by ensuring moral values, fundamental human rights protection, transparency and rule of law. In the daily administration of government, CSOs are seen as instruments of solution to numerous societal problems that have deprived citizens of the dividends of democracy such as neglect, insecurity, oppression and exploitation. This study focuses on the exploration of how CSOs have contributed towards sustaining democracy in Nigeria. The study is geared towards revealing the challenges that militate against the efforts of CSOs towards the sustenance of democracy in Nigeria. Qualitative method is adopted for this study, while secondary materials from books, journals, newspapers, and internet sources are utilized in accessing information. Descriptive method is used in the analysis of the sourced information. Liberal theory is deployed in the analysis of the study, as it displays the interconnectedness existing among different sectors of the society. Our findings revealed that CSOs are yet to be acknowledged as a genuine force in democratic Nigerian society. There is, also, lack of a well-structured institutional framework to support more collaboration between governmental and CSOs. The study concludes that CSOs have vital areas of contributions in the society, and are needed for Nigeria’s democratic sustenance. It is recommended that the autonomy of CSOs should be promoted to enable them perform successfully towards democratic sustenance through their policy formulation and implementation, monitoring and supervision in the society.
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    An assessment of the impacts of community development initiatives in Awgbu Town in Anambra State, Nigeria
    (Research Journal in Advanced Humanities, 2024) Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Owoh Emeka Emmanuel
    This research evaluates how the Awgbu community has contributed to the general development of Anambra State, how it has benefited from state government efforts, and how it has responded to demands and initiatives from the government between 2015 and 2023. Community Development (CD), Social Capital, and the Diffusion of Innovations theories are the underpinning theoretical framework of analysis used for the study. The research design used in this paper was a descriptive survey, with data collected from primary and secondary sources. Since the study was intended for the entire population of Awgbu town, Slovin’s sample determination formula and the purposive random sampling technique were employed. Specifically, a sample size of 400 respondents was targeted, and 286 returned questionnaires were used for data analysis. The gathered data were displayed on the Logical Data Framework (LDF) and subjected to a quantitative statistical data analysis technique that involved weighted mean and frequency tables. The results show that the Awgbu community has significantly influenced Anambra State’s growth. Through its participation in the Choose Your Project Initiative (CYPI), the community has actively reacted to requests from the government. Nonetheless, the research discovers that, among other things, inadequate money, oversight, and leadership crises impede the community’s advancement.
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    Poverty alleviation policies and elitist approach in Nigeria: An assessment
    (Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development, 2024) Adebajo Adeola Aderayo; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Olu-Owolabi Fadeke Esther; Salako Samuel Anuoluwapo
    Poverty, as a phenomenon, remains an obstacle to global sustainable development. Although a universal malaise, it is more prevalent in underdeveloped countries, including Nigeria. However, because of its devastating impacts on the Nigerian economy, such as increasing death rates, high crime rates, insecurity difficulties, threats to national cohesion, and so on, successive administrations have implemented poverty alleviation programs to mitigate the consequences of this disease. Worryingly, despite a multiplicity of projects and massive human and natural resources invested to match global standards, Nigeria remains impoverished. The curiosity at how these programs fail, either because of implementation hiccups or because elites’ wealth and power influence these programs spurred the paper to assess poverty alleviation policies and elitist approaches in Nigeria. The study employed the desk study approach, as it examined secondary sources such as books, journals, articles, and magazines. Its theoretical underpinning was the elite theory. The paper discovered that several factors such as corruption, the elitist nature of the policies which in disguise reflect public interests, lack of continuity, lack of coordination and monitoring system, misappropriation of public resources, and others, led to the poor performances of government in alleviating poverty in Nigeria. The paper concludes that, while the rate of poverty index in Nigeria rises year after year, poverty alleviation efforts in Nigeria have had little or no influence on the Nigerian economy, since most of these projects are purely reflective of the elites’ interests rather than the masses. Therefore, the paper recommends that for there to be a reduction in poverty incidence in Nigeria, a holistic developmental approach should be adopted, the policies formulated and implemented should sync with the needs of the citizens, and quality and viable programs should be sustained and financed irrespective of change in government; public accountability should be instilled; proper coordination and monitoring system should be domesticated, etc
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    Tax Administration and Timely Payments: A study of selected State Internal Revenue Service in South-West Nigeria
    (PERSPEKTIF 13 (1), 2024) Adesemowo Modupeola Morenike; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Bello Wasiu Olaide
    This study examined the effect of tax administration and timely payments: a study of selected Internal Revenue Service in South-West Nigeria. A field survey research method was adopted, primary data obtained through the administration of a structured questionnaire was used and the hypotheses were tested using regression analysis. The population of the study consisted of 4499 members of staff in the tax revenue office in South-West Nigeria. Three hundred and eighty-seven copies of questionnaires were administered while 382 (98.7%) were retrieved. The findings of the study revealed that the tax administration of the selected State Internal Revenue Services has a significant effect on timely payments (Adj.R2 = 0.115, F(3, 383) = 17.405), p < 0.05). The study concluded that a significant relationship exists between Tax administration measured as Tax assessment (TASS), Tax remittance (TREM) and Tax collection (TCOL), and Timely Payments of taxpayers’ declarations of selected State Internal Revenue Services in South-West Nigeria. The study recommended that State tax authorities should restructure their tax administration system to increase their efficiency and effectiveness in tax assessment, tax collection, and tax remittance that will provide adequate and relevant training for members of staff on the use of information technology and update the technological equipment’s used so that the members of staff can be technologically competent. Technological devices should be made available to staff members in the various tax stations outside the head office.
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    Electoral Violence and the Ethnic Question in Nigeria: Analysis of the 2023 Elections
    (Journal of Governance and Political Social UMA), 12 (2), 2024) Chineyemba Lydia Isioma; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Ezebuilo Paul Chibuike
    Violence has become a serious threat, birthing crime, insecurity, and ethnic hatred that threaten national unity. While violence has remained an obstacle to the peaceful conduct of elections, it assumed a disturbing dimension in Lagos during the 2023 elections, where ethnicity was weaponized to polarise the nation. Whereas studies on electoral violence abound in literature, the desperation and impunity that trailed the 2023 elections and the tribal hatred it generated are dimensions of electoral violence requiring investigation. Therefore, this paper aims to highlight the violence that characterized the 2023 elections in Lagos State. It examined the ethnic bigotry that triggered the violence and its implications for peaceful coexistence and national unity. A qualitative data collection method uses secondary data from books, journals, newspapers, and magazines. Content analysis is chosen for better analysis of the study. Employing race and ethnicity and relative deprivation theories, the study found that ethnic violence was a scheme deviously politicized to instigate electoral violence in the bid to retain political power. Findings from the study showed that the violence threatened peaceful coexistence and the sense of brotherhood among Nigerians. It recommended stringent sanctions for the perpetrators of violence and the parties they represent. Policymakers will benefit from this study as it will provide the information needed for policymaking on handling electoral and non-electoral violence.
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    Social Media and Women’s Political Participation in Nigeria
    (Tuijin Jishu/Journal of Propulsion Technology Vol. 44 No. 6, 2023) Oladipo Victoria Olaitan; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina
    The advent of social media has increased social communication and technology interaction. Even with these benefits, using social media to encourage women to get involved in politics has not worked well. Social media has influenced several advocacy issues such as the #METoo movements, the Black Lives Matter (BLM) protests, and the #EndSARS protests in Nigeria, to mention a few. The goal of this study is to find out how much social media aided by new technology has changed women's political participation and to come up with a way to get more women involved in politics through social media. This study is anchored in feminist theory. This study used a qualitative research method, and secondary sources were used to gather the data. The study showed that social media had not made it easier for women to get involved in politics. This makes it harder to get equal numbers of women in politics. So, it suggests that women should get more involved in politics through social media by learning more about the need for fair political representation.
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    Visa-on-arrival, ECOWAS-free Mobility and the Securitisation of the Intra- African Migration in Nigeria
    (India Quarterly: A Journal of International Affairs Impact Factor:, 2024-08) Omotuyi Sunday; Apeloko O. D.; Bello Moruf Ayodele; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina
    Over the years, Nigeria’s regional hegemonic leadership in (West) Africa, especially within the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) region, has been debated within academic and foreign relations circles. A major component of this regional leadership aspiration was its quest for a ‘borderless Africa’. As an important arrowhead of its pro-African foreign policy, the Nigerian government proactively crafted a benign national border policy to give practical expression to the free mobility of persons and goods within the West African subregion. Despite a demonstrable commitment to free mobility within Africa over the years, Abuja suddenly imposed a restrictive border policy shortly after it signed the African Continental Free Trade Area (AfCFTA) agreement and approved the contentious visa-on-arrival for African migrants. Considering this context, this study makes three arguments: First, it interrogates the rationale behind the liberal border diplomacy of the Nigerian government. Secondly, the paper contends that the inability to ‘silence the guns’ in Africa despite all efforts has seriously militated against the aspiration for intra-African mobility and borderless Community in West Africa. Lastly, the study examines the dire implications of Nigerian nationalistic border diplomacy and its declining soft power for the future of ‘borderless West Africa’.
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    Violent Contestation of Power and Political Turbulence in Sudan: A Reflective Assessment of Generals Burhan and Hemedti Simmering Feud
    (Journal of Somali Studies : Research on Somalia and the Greater Horn of African CountriesVol. 11, No. 3, 2024-12) Okafor Celestine Ogechukwu; Chukwudi Ekene Celestina; Ngoka Ruth Obioma; Elumelu Chiazor Simeon; Gberevbie Daniel E.; Ezebuilo Paul Chibuike
    This study explores the complex power dynamics and political volatility that have defined Sudan's history by examining the simmering feud between Generals Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and Hamdan Dagalo Hemedti. Thus, the study also reveals the fundamental structural elements causing political instability in Sudan's landscape that threaten the national democratic transition. The study relied on content analysis and a documentary approach; data were collected through secondary sources, and Marxist conflict theory was employed. The paper argued that the feud is a struggle for power exercise in the state and a quest to control the security architecture. Findings reveal that owing to the violent contest for power and persistent political turbulence in Sudan, the country's transition to democratic governance appears to be a mirage since diverse armed groups have resisted giving up their respective groups' interests for the national interest. The paper recommends that negotiations and dialogue are primarily needed to protect Sudan's territorial integrity and save it from state failure and disintegration. The policy implication of this study is that the study outcome provides a current and informative addition to our knowledge of power struggles and political upheaval in Africa by examining the ramifications of this dispute for achieving positive peace in regional and global affairs.