College of Leadership and Development Studies

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    RETHINKING PEACE, SECURITY AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN NIGERIA
    (International Journal of Education Humanities and Social Science Vol. 5, No. 01, 2022) Osimen Goddy U.; RUFUS AISEDION
    There is growing recognition that peace and security are fundamental for socio-political and economic development of any country in the world. Yet Violent conflicts, whether social, political, or environmental, has significantly contributed to the crisis of sustainable development and security challenges in terms of loss of human and material resources. This paper has therefore, examined the nature of peace, security and sustainable development in Nigeria. The study adopts a combination of theories like; the clash of civilization theory, the frustration-aggression theory, state fragility and failed state theory. Qualitative method, such as textbooks, journal articles, internet, among others was used as sources of data collection. The work was descriptively analyzed through the content of the information gathered. The paper explores various dimensions of the social, political, economic and other conditions that have over the years affected the indices for measuring peace, security and sustainable development in Nigeria. Consequently, the paper revealed some of the symptoms that have truncated the “God given” peace, security and sustainable development in Nigeria, which includes; corruption, unemployment, Weak institutional system, structural imbalance, human trafficking, bad leadership, among others. The paper concluded with some useful policies recommendations regarding the way forward therein and most importantly, called for the need by the Nigeria government to learn from history, as attempts been made to tackle the challenges currently upsetting the attainment of sustainable peace, security and development in the country.
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    UNDERSTANDING DEFENCE POLICY: A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF NIGERIA AND CAMEROON
    (ZAMFARA JOURNAL OF POLITICES AND DEVELOPMENT VOL 4 /No 2, 2023) RUFUS AISEDION; Osimen Goddy U.
    A good attempt has been made in the study which covers a comparative study of Nigeria and Cameroon’s defence policies. In carrying out this task, three fundamental objectives were set out, that examined comparatively the force posture, decision making and weapon acquisition of Nigeria and Cameroon. In course of the study, secondary materials were used, sourced from textbooks, journals, and the internet, among others. The paper concluded that the two countries lack the capability to advance the required formidable force posture, that their inability to maintain unwavering decision-making is observable, and finally the acquisition and maintenance of sophisticated weapons required for enforcing effective defence policy is weak in both countries. Also, the two countries do not possess sufficient military posture, credibility, capabilities, human resources, and military infrastructure to execute the task of defending the nation, among others. The findings revealed that Nigeria and Cameroon’s defence policy share similar weaknesses in term of force posture, decision-making, maintenance of modern weapons for military credibility and capability, among others. The paper therefore recommended that a collaborative functional effort should be made with technological advanced countries, industrial sector, research institutions, among others to reposition their force posture, develop full strength decisionmaking and maintain effective weapons to wield power both at the domestic and international levels, also both countries should concentrate in areas of national development such as agriculture and socioeconomic empowerment that would be transformed into military strength of both countries
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    The Supply of Small Arms and Light Weapons to Conflict Zones: The Bane of Onset, Intensity and Duration of Armed Conflict in Africa
    (International Affairs and Global Strategy Vol.88, 2020) Osimen Goddy U.; RUFUS AISEDION; Adi Isaac
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    Ethical Issues and Security Practice in Nigeria: The Aftermath of #End SARS and the Nigerian Police Force Reform Agenda
    (International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, Volume 11, Issue 6,, 2021) Osimen Goddy U.; RUFUS AISEDION
    The personnel of official law enforcement agencies such as the Nigeria police have authorities and responsibilities that other public personnel do not. These are important powers that limit civil liberties, such as stopping, searching, asking for identification, confiscation, apprehending, using force, and interrogation. The performance of these duties has significant effects on people’s quality of life, and especially on civil liberties and social life. Taking into account the degree of discretion allowed to security personnel to enforce the law, it becomes clear that there is a need for a code of professional ethics, in addition to existing legislation, in order to increase the quality of the service they provide. The paper therefore, looks at the ethical practice of the security personnel using Nigeria police Force as a case study. To understand the unruly properly, the following questions were considered; what are police ethics,’ ‘to which security personnel do police ethics apply, ‘why is a code of ethics necessary to security personnel’ and how can will inject ethical conduct into security practice in Nigeria. The sources of ethical rules and their relation to police ethics, social morality and justice were also considered. The relationship between police ethics and professionalism was addressed. On the basis of empirical evidence from the field, the paper revealed cases of indiscipline and wrong doings among security personnel like; arrogance, torture, harassment, killings, intimidation, rape, extra judicial killings to mention but few. Emphasis was therefore, made on the necessity of total compliance with the code of ethics by all security personnel currently active in the field of internal security services in Nigeria.
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    THE EFFECT OF ORGANIZED CRIME ON GOOD GOVERNANCE IN NIGERIA
    (INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH IN SOCIAL SCIENCES & HUMANITIES Volume: 12, Issue: 3, 2022-09) RUFUS AISEDION; Osimen Goddy U.; Ade-Ibijola Aderemi Opeyemi
    The security, economic, social and political disruptions of the state induced by the activities of organized crime has weakened the state’s authority to carry out its expected functions of good governance. In Nigeria, the illegal activities of criminal cartel groups affect government’s resources and its ability to enhance the welfare, basic human needs and living standard of its citizens. The criminal cartels who in their corrupt practices penetrate political offices to wax their influence, strengthened by the integration of security agencies and judicial organs of the state to shield their illegal activities carried out by violence or threat of violence have become a course for national concern. This is why urgent attention needs to be taken to address the menace. It is against this background that the paper examined the impact of organized crime on good governance and also to proffer ways the menace can be reduced to the barest minimum. The paper adopted the bureaucracy model of organized crime since it is organized like a conventional bureaucracy pyramid shape with members in hierarchical leadership through which its activities are carried out. The paper utilized secondary sources of data and was historically analyzed. The findings of the paper revealed that the ill activities of organized crime undercut government’s transparency, accountability, popular political participation and ability to harness resources for the well-being of the citizens. It is also observe that the infiltration of organized criminals in public affairs subverts government’s welfare policies of its citizens, due to gross corruption all over public office, among others. The recommendations include inter alia: That political and economic agencies should beef up their administrative tentacles and arsenals to stem the tide of organized criminal cartels, leaders should muster the political will to restrict people from lifestyles that encourages organized crime, the government should ensure that welfare dimension of human needs is provided to attract citizens’ patriotism to shun criminal groups and their activities, among others.
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    Modern War Technologies and Global Peace and Security
    (International Journal of Social Science, Management and Economics Research Volume 1 Issue 1, 2023-06) RUFUS AISEDION; Osimen Goddy U.
    An attempt was made in this paper to reflect on the transformation of war from 18th-century military engagements on the battlefield to the use of modern technology where wars are fought in decentralized ways from land, air, and sea with devastating impact on peace. The study becomes necessary to unveil how the relics of war with its multiplier effects impact world peace. War is a violent conflict declared by two or more states over resources, occupation of territory, among others, with debilitating consequences on both human and material resources. In the study, three theoretical orientations were used for analysis. These include devil’s theory, realists, and the military-industrial complex. Historical analysis was employed as the incidents of wars were past events. The paper uses a qualitative method of data gathering. The findings of the paper revealed that peace is elusive where war is fought. Since people are vulnerable to hunger, diseases, decay infrastructure, among others, it was recommended that disarmament is the option among others if the world would enjoy peace.
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    CONFLICT RESOLUTION THROUGH AFRICAN INDIGENOUS INSTITUTIONS: A STUDY OF THE ESANS IN EDO STATE, NIGERIA
    (2021) Osimen Goddy U.; RUFUS AISEDION
    African societies have unique ways of managing conflict before the advent of colonialism. The methods stressed the need of fostering a spirit of peace and mutual respect for both individuals and groups, in times of peace and in times of conflict. This was effectively ensured through the institutions of the council of elders and ageset organisations in Africa. However, various forms of conflict have become more pronounced in the post-colonial era in the past few years. These conflicts include gender-based violence, land related conflicts, family conflicts and value- based conflicts, among others. The study therefore analysed the prospect of indigenous methods of conflict resolution in dealing with the aforementioned glitches using the Esans as a case study. The paper adopts historical research design with the application of both primary and secondary data. The Primary data was obtained from archival sources and oral interviews from respondents. Secondary data was obtained from published textbooks, journal articles and internet. The study established that indigenous institutions were important to peace building and conflict resolution but were truncated by the coming of the colonial masters. It was therefore recommended that the government and other stakeholders should as a matter of necessity, place more emphasis on the use of indigenous institutions in conflict management and resolution in Africa. This will ensure and further promote peaceful co-existence which Africans are known for.
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    ZAMFARA JOURNAL OF POLITICES AND DEVELOPMENT
    (Cameroon, Defence, Policy, Nigeria,, 2023) RUFUS AISEDION; Osimen Goddy U.
    good attempt has been made in the study which covers a comparative study of Nigeria and Cameroon’s defence policies. In carrying out this task, three fundamental objectives were set out, that examined comparatively the force posture, decision making and weapon acquisition of Nigeria and Cameroon. In course of the study, secondary materials were used, sourced from textbooks, journals, and the internet, among others. The paper concluded that the two countries lack the capability to advance the required formidable force posture, that their inability to maintain unwavering decision-making is observable, and finally the acquisition and maintenance of sophisticated weapons required for enforcing effective defence policy is weak in both countries. Also, the two countries do not possess sufficient military posture, credibility, capabilities, human resources, and military infrastructure to execute the task of defending the nation, among others. The findings revealed that Nigeria and Cameroon’s defence policy share similar weaknesses in term of force posture, decision-making, maintenance of modern weapons for military credibility and capability, among others. The paper therefore recommended that a collaborative functional effort should be made with technological advanced countries, industrial sector, research institutions, among others to reposition their force posture, develop full strength decisionmaking and maintain effective weapons to wield power both at the domestic and international levels, also both countries should concentrate in areas of national development such as agriculture and socioeconomic empowerment that would be transformed into military strength of both countries.