Evaluation of the oil Extract from Mentha spicata and its Chemical Constituents
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Response surface methodology (RSM) has been employed to model and optimize the extraction
of oil from Mentha spicata a local leaf used for several microbial and insect activities. The
detailed effects of the solvents, weight of leaf (X1) and time of extraction (X2) have been
studied. The interaction effects of these two (2) variables on the oil yield (X3) have been
investigated using Central Composite Design of experiments. The results were analyzed using
MINITAB 17 software. Soxhlet extraction method was used with three (3) different solvents
hexane, ethanol and petroleum ether. Petroleum ether gave the highest yield of oil using
Response Surface Methodology. The oil extract of the leaf was analyzed using Gas
Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry [GC-MS], about 15 components were discovered with
Carvone as the most abundant [27.68%.]. The antimicrobial activities of the oil extract against
some fungi and bacteria viz., Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus Subtilis, Staphylococcus
aureus, Aspergillus niger, Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae was evaluated. From
the microbial analysis the zone of inhibitions indicated that the extract had strong activity
against bacteria and fungi. Mentha spicata oil is rich in compounds with therapeutic activities
and several substances of industrial interest. Carvone, Neophytadiene, methyl ester, palmitic
acid and Linolenic were also discovered by the GC/MS analysis, presenting good microbial
activity performance. The aim of this work was to establish the antimicrobial claim of the
Mentha spicata oil extract.
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