Chitosan-based nanoformulation of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles

Abstract

Metal nanoparticles are derived from metallic precursors, usually nanoscale metals or metal oxides, metal phosphates, or metal sulfides. Several types of nanoparticles have been generated; concentration, pH, and substrate temperature have a substantial effect on the nanoparticles’ size, shape, and dimensions (Nair et al., 2022). Due to their diverse morphology, reactivity, optical properties of catalytic activity, and high adsorption, metal nanoparticles and oxides of metal nanoparticles are at the moment receiving a lot of attention (Chouke et al., 2022). These characteristics increase their suitability for myriad of uses in environmental detection, biomedicine, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, the food industry, textile industry, and optoelectronics (Naseem & Durrani, 2021). Additionally, given their nanoscale size (,100 nm), metal nanoparticles and oxides of metal nanoparticles have a huge surface area of cooperation with cells, expansive reach antibacterial action, improved strength considerably under outrageous circumstances, surface properties, and compound pieces, which makes them a great contender for the (Fig. 5.1) advancement of compelling antimicrobial specialists (He et al., 2016). While zinc oxide, silver oxide, titanium dioxide, manganese oxide, oxides of cerium, oxides of magnesium, nanosized iron oxide, and zirconium oxide, together with aluminum oxide are commonly used metal oxide nanomaterials, common nanoparticles of metal include alginate, silver, platinum, zinc, titanium, iron, magnesium, copper, gold, and magnesium (Yaqoob et al., 2020). Characteristics and uses of metal nanoparticles together with oxides of metal nanoparticles are summarized in Table 5.1.