EVALUATION OF UNIVERSAL DESIGN PRINCIPLES AS A FRAMEWORK FOR AN INCLUSIVE CHURCH PROPOSAL IN LAGOS, NIGERIA

Abstract

Churches, as multifunctional public buildings, play a critical role in fostering worship, community interaction, and social integration. In Lagos, Nigeria, where diverse demographics converge, many churches face challenges of accessibility, often excluding persons with disabilities, elderly worshippers, and caregivers with children. This gap underscores the need for design frameworks that prioritize inclusivity. Universal Design (UD) concept provides a globally recognized approach to creating equitable, functional, and dignified spaces. The aim of this study is to evaluate the application of Universal Design principles as a framework for developing inclusive church design in Lagos, Nigeria. The specific objectives are to: examine the extent to which selected churches comply with UD principles; identify accessibility features that create physical, sensory, or cognitive barriers; evaluate the adequacy of existing accessibility features in meeting users’ needs; and develop a design framework for an inclusive church design in Lagos. The study adopted a qualitative methodology using a multiple case study approach. Data were be collected through structured observation guides based on the seven UD principles, complemented by structured interviews with church leaders, facility managers, and congregants, including persons with disabilities and elderly worshippers. A literature review and relevant policy documents, such as the Discrimination against Persons with Disabilities (Prohibition) Act (2019) and Lagos State building regulations, were provide contextual grounding. Data were analysed using content and thematic analysis to draw insights into design gaps and user experiences. Findings were presented through narratives, tables, figures, drawings, 3D models, and animations. The study is revealed limited compliance with UD principles in selected churches, highlighting accessibility barriers and inconsistencies between policy provisions and practical implementation. The research contributed to architectural knowledge by contextualizing UD within faith-based architecture, offering practical frameworks for inclusive design, and reinforcing the alignment of church environments with values of hospitality, dignity, and equity. The outcomes were significant for architects, policymakers, and church authorities seeking to transform worship spaces into inclusive environments that promote participation for all.