Advancing Food Sustainability in Nigeria: Biotechnological Strategies amidst Climate Change Challenges

Abstract

The effects of climate change are not just a looming threat but a present reality already being felt worldwide. One of the most visible and alarming impacts is the disruption of our food systems, caused by rising temperatures, changing precipitation patterns, and more frequent extreme weather events. These disruptions are leading to lower crop yields, food shortages, and higher prices, raising the spectre of a global food crisis that threatens the security of all nations. This study explores biotechnology's role in mitigating climate change and advancing sustainable agriculture in Nigeria. This work highlights how these approaches can significantly increase agricultural production, enhance food security, and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by leveraging innovative biotechnological techniques such as genetic engineering, biogas, biochar, bioremediation, and precision agriculture. For instance, genetic engineering improves crop resilience to environmental stresses, biochar enhances soil fertility while sequestering carbon, and biogas provides sustainable energy solutions. The findings emphasize the transformative potential of biotechnology despite challenges such as safety concerns and limited skilled personnel in Nigeria. By adopting these innovative techniques, Nigeria can enhance agricultural productivity, ensure food security, and actively contribute to global climate change mitigation efforts.