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Recent Submissions

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Utilizing Mitracarpus scaber extracts for green synthesis of silver nanoparticles: Exploring physicochemical properties and potential chemopreventive activity against N-methyl-nitrosourea- induced prostate carcinoma in rats
(Nano-Structures & Nano-Objects Volume 40, 2024) Adesipe, Temitayo I.; Iweala, Emeka J.; Ishola, Ismail O.; Arotiba, Omotayo A.; Adebayo, Abiodun H.
This study evaluated the influence of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) biosynthesized using Mitracarpus scaber (M. scaber) extracts on testosterone and n-methyl-nitrosourea (MNU)-induced prostate carcinoma in rat. AgNPs were synthesized from 0.1 M solution using the aqueous and ethanol extracts of M. scaber (AMS and EMS) as reducing as well as capping agents. The AgNPs produced using AMS (ANP) and EMS (ENP) were then analyzed via various spectroscopic experiments. Later on, the biological effects of ANP and ENP were evaluated on testosterone and n-methyl nitrosourea (MNU)-induced prostate carcinoma in rat. The study found that ANP and ENP have characteristic crystalline structures, with particle sizes ranging from ∼5 20 nm and prominent absorbance peak at 425 nm was observed for ANP while absorption peaks at 410 and 675 nm were observed for ENP indicating that ANP is isotropic in nature while ENP is anisotropic in nature. The findings regarding chemopreventive effects on prostate carcinogenesis revealed that ANP caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in prostate weight. However, both ANP and ENP, ameliorated prostatic hypertrophy (i.e., decreased prostate enlargement and acini proliferation) in rats induced with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia. In comparison to the PCa group as well as other groups, ENP significantly (p < 0.05) decreased the mean concentrations of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), interleukin-6 (IL 6), and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-). Also, ENP significantly restored depleted activities levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase caused by prostate carcinogenesis. Furthermore, ENP caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in glutathione (GSH) levels, an upregulation of DNA methyltransferase (DNMT1 and DNMT3b) expression, and activation of caspase 7. The results of the present study showed the potential anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anti-neoplastic effects of AgNPs of M. scaber ethanol extract which implies that it could be used as an adjunct in the treatment of prostate cancer.
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Tumor-normal sequencing reveals novel TP53 germline and clinically actionable somatic mutations in Nigerian breast cancer patients
(Cancer Genetics Volumes 300–301, 2026) Onyia, Abimbola F.; Lawal, AbdulRazzaq; Ogo, Chidiebere; Nkom, Ebenezer S.; Lasebikan, Oluwakemi A.; Ayegbusi, Olaitan T.; De Campos, Opeyemi C.; Rotimi, Oluwakemi A.; Oyelade, Jelili O.; Aliyu, Usman M.; Iweala, Emeka E. J.; Rotimi, Solomon O.
Purpose Disparities in the care and management of breast cancer (BC) contribute to poor outcomes and limited access to precision oncology in Nigerian patients. Existing studies on Nigerian patients have largely been conducted abroad, restricting their direct application to local healthcare. This study addresses this gap through a locally led investigation of germline and somatic mutations using tumor-normal paired sequencing. Methods Forty-two female BC patients were recruited from teaching hospitals between January and April 2024. DNA was extracted from blood and matched fresh-frozen tumor tissue. Targeted sequencing of 50 cancer-related genes was performed with the Illumina AmpliSeq Cancer Hotspot Panel and MiSeq platform. Germline and somatic variants were identified through matched normal filtering, with oncogenic significance assessed using the ESCAT/ESMO Tier classification. Visualization was performed in R (v4.4.2) using the maftools package Results A germline TP53 pathogenic variant, TP53 c.694dupA (p.Ile232Asnfs) was identified in a 35-year-old triple-negative BC patient with recurrent metastatic disease, representing its first report as a germline alteration. Additionally, eighteen oncogenic/likely oncogenic somatic variants were detected, nine of which were actionable (Tier IIII). EGFR amplification was found in 7 % of patients, alongside copy number losses in genes including CDKN2A and KIT. Conclusion This study demonstrates the feasibility of localized tumor-normal sequencing in Nigerian BC patients, revealing actionable variants with clinical relevance. These findings highlight the need to integrate genomic profiling into routine cancer care and establish molecular tumor boards to advance precision oncology in Nigeria.
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The Biotechnology of Hydrogel-Based Biocomposites
(Fabrication Techniques and Emerging Applications of Hydrogels, 2026) Dania, Omoremime Elizabeth; Iweala, Emeka E. J.
Hydrogels are a unique type of polymer that is hydrophilic. This chapter explores the applications of hydrogels in tissue engineering, skin regeneration, soft robots, and artificial muscle production. For tissue engineering, there is a need to maintain proper hardening and desirable strength of hydrogels at physiological temperatures under biological conditions for proper formation of scaffolds with complex shapes. The use of hydrogels for skin regeneration stems from the need to correct skin defects without scarring by enhancing reparative properties and regeneration. Hydrogels promote angiogenesis, cell proliferation, and wound closure effectively. Hydrogels have been used to construct actuators, sensors, communicators, power sources, and computational circuits for soft robots. They are responsive to ambient stimuli, increasing their sensitivity; they are quite flexible and potentially enduring large deformations, making them good substrates for innovative research in artificial muscle generation. While hydrogels offer significant advantages in wound healing and tissue engineering, challenges such as optimising mechanical strength, biocompatibility, and production scalability remain.
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Association between CYP17A1 and HSD3B1 gene polymorphisms and testosterone levels in Nigerian prostate cancer patients
(Scientific Reports, 2025) Ekenwaneze, Christogonus Chichebe; Zakari, Suleiman; Amadi, Emmanuel Chimuebuka; Okesola, Mary; Rotimi, Solomon Oladapo; Oyekan, Ademola; Fatiregun, Olamijulo; Iweala, Emeka Eze Joshua; Odedina, Folakemi T.; Ogunlana, Olubanke Olujoke
Prostate cancer (PCa) is a primary global health concern and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths in men. Genetic variation in androgen pathways is essential in PCa development and progression. Cytochrome P450 17A1 (CYP17A1) gene encodes a critical metabolic enzyme involved in testosterone (TT) synthesis, as it converts cholesterol into androstenedione. Similarly, the 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (HSD3B1) gene encodes an enzyme that catalyses the conversion of dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) to androstenedione, a critical precursor for TT production. The case-control study was conducted on 40 PCa patients and 40 healthy males with matching ages. Detection of CYP17A1 and HSD3B1 polymorphisms was done using the TaqMan genotyping assay, and estimation of TT levels in serum was done using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay technique. Detected genotypes were AA, AG, and GG for CYP17A1, and AA and CA for HSD3B1; the adrenalpermissive CC genotype of HSD3B1 was absent. The TT levels were significantly lower in PCa patients (p = 0.00148). No significant associations were found between polymorphisms in CYP17A1, HSD3B1 and TT levels. The HSD3B1 CA genotype showed a non-significant trend toward increased PCa risk (OR = 2.39, p = 0.183) that requires validation in larger studies before any clinical relevance can be established.
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P11-038 Phytochemical, antioxidant and mitochondrial permeability transition analysis of fruit skin ethanolic extract of Annona muricata Linn. (Soursop)
(Abstracts / Toxicology Letter, 2025) Iyanda-Joel, W.; Adegbite, O.; Ajetunmobi, O.; Chinedu, S.; Iweala, Emeka Joshua; Rotimi, S.
Question: Annona muricata Linn. contains a group of bioactive long chain fatty acid derivatives called Annonaceous acetogenins, which have shown selective cytotoxicity against several cancer cell lines and other abnormal cells by a known mechanism. The current study analyzed the phytochemical and antioxidant properties of the fruit skin ethanolic extract of Annona muricata (ESA) and its effect on the opening of rat liver mitochondrial membrane permeability transition (MMPT) pore in vitro. Methods: Tests for the phytochemical constituents of the extract and antioxidant assays were carried out following standard protocols while the opening of the MMPT pore in the presence of varying concentrations of the extract was spectrophotometrically assayed under succinate-energized conditions. Calcium chloride (CaCl2) solution and spermine at specified concentrations were employed to trigger and inhibit MMPT pore opening respectively. Results: The results show that terpenoids, steroids and glycosides were found present in the fruit skin ethanolic extract and the extracts were found to have very low antioxidizing properties at the tested concentrations based on the diphenyl-1-picryhydrazy (DPPH) radical scavenging activity assay. Lipid peroxidation was induced in a concentration-dependent manner on both the cytosolic and mitochondrial hepatocyte fractions in vitro. In the absence of triggering agent, 0.84 mg/ml concentration of ESA induced the opening of the pore by 129% whereas the other three lower concentrations (0.12 mg/ml, 0.36 mg/ml and 0.60 mg/ml) did not induce MMPT pore opening. In the presence of the triggering agent, the extracts showed no inhibitory activity; rather there was a greater increase in the induction with increasing concentration of extracts. Conclu- sions: From the foregoing, the fruit skin ethanolic extract of Annona muricata may possibly contain bioactive components that are likely to induce apoptosis thereby adding to the growing list of naturefriendly chemopreventive and curative therapy of cancer.